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organ histology > CT > Flashcards

CT Flashcards

1
Q

examples of sulfated GAGs

A

keratin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, heparin sulfate, dermatin sulfate

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2
Q

example of non-sulfated GAGs

A

HA

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3
Q

fibroblasts derived from:

A

mesenchyme

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4
Q

division of fibroblast occurs when

A

primarily during wound healing

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5
Q

types of cells fibroblast can change into

A

adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoplasts

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6
Q

when do fribroblasts change into chondrocytes

A

during fibrocartilage formation

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7
Q

when do fibroblasts change into osteoblasts

A

certain pathologies

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8
Q

functions of fibroblasts

A

structural and defense

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9
Q

what is the structural function of fibroblasts

A

product matrix components; healing: produce growth factor & cytokines, scar formation

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10
Q

what is the defense function of fibroblasts

A

produce cytokines & enzymes (collagenase, elastase); phagocytosis

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11
Q

fibrocyte

A

mature less active fibroblast that is flat in appearence; live longer w/lower energy and oxygen requirements; produce GAGs, other molecules and reticular fibers

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12
Q

what can fibrocytes not do

A

produce new collagen I or elastin fibers

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13
Q

function of fibroblasts

A

maintain tissue

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14
Q

myofibroblast

A

posses features of fibroblast and smooth muscle cells

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15
Q

function of myofibroblast

A

wound closure and tooth eruption

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16
Q

adipocytes

A

do not divide or chnage into other cell types; derived from mesechye cells

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17
Q

function of adipocytes

A

lipid storage: energy source, thermoregulation and cushening of organs

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18
Q

plasma cell

A

do not divide and have short lives; found in CT and lymphatic tissues/organs; derived from B lympocytes

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19
Q

funtion of plasma cells

A

to produce antibodies

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20
Q

macrophages

A

aka histiocytes; contain residual bodies in cytoplasm; can divite; derived from monocytes; part of mononuclear phagocyte system

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21
Q

MPS

A

Mononuclear Phagocyte Sytem: all members arise from a common ancestor in bone marrow and are able to phagocytize and display particular receptors

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22
Q

examples of MPS

A

kupffer cells, alveolar macrophages, monocytes, microglia, langerhans cells, osteoclasts

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23
Q

function of macrophages

A

phagocytosis, act as APC, creat foreign body giant cells, release cytokins and other products

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24
Q

what do macrophages phagocytos

A

debris and microorganisms

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25
Q

APC

A

Antigen Presenting Cell; present infor about a foreing antigen to T-helper cells

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26
Q

foreign body giant cells

A

created by the fusion of many macrophages in response to a sizable foreign object or some pathogens

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27
Q

mast cells

A

large cells containing cytoplasmic granules; fount in CT proper, by small blood vessels and under epithelium; occatonally divide; derived from a precursor cell from bone marrow

28
Q

mast cell mediated events

A

basic inflammatory reaction, immediate hypersensitivity response, anaphylaxis, asthma

29
Q

basic inflammatory reaction

A

mast cell trauma or phagocytosis in response to dead cells, debris and damaged fibers; localized reaction of mast cell degranulate; histamine first reactant followed by leukotrienes and heparin

30
Q

histamine

A

primary mediator in basic inflammation; increased permeablilty of capillaries and venules, dilates arterioles

31
Q

leukotrienes

A

second mediator in basic inflammation

32
Q

Heparin

A

third mediator in basic inflammation

33
Q

immediat hypersensitivity response

A

simple allergy; IgE and allergin complex

34
Q

anaphylaxis

A

IgE/allergin in blood; sytemic mast cell and basophil degranulation and secretion

35
Q

anaphylactic shock

A

circulatory shock; cardiovascular collapse caused by extensive blood loss

36
Q

extrinsic asthma

A

allergins known; often childhood onset

37
Q

intrinsic asthma

A

allergin unknown; may develope in aduls following an upper of lower respiratory infection

38
Q

asthma stimulated by:

A

IgE/allergin complex and/or fatigue, stress, fumes, endrocrin changes, emotionst etc.

39
Q

primary problem in asthma

A

leuotrienes contract smooth muscle in bronchioles

40
Q

secondary difficulties caused by asthma

A

inflammation; excess fluid and decreased oxygen diffusion

41
Q

cells in CT

A

fibroblast, fibrocyte, myofibroblast, adipocyte, plasma cell, macrophages, mast cells, leukocytes, mesenchyme cells, reticular cells

42
Q

types of leukocytes

A

monocytes, neurophiles, eosinophils, basophils and lymphocytes

43
Q

monocytes

A

become macrophages in CT

44
Q

neutrophils

A

attracted to sites of acute inflammation; good at phagocytosis of debris and bacteria

45
Q

eosinophils

A

combat parasitic worms; attracted to allergic inflammation

46
Q

basophils

A

similar to mast cells; initiate/influence and maintain inflammation

47
Q

lymphocytes

A

usually not many in CT; attracted to chronic inflammation sites

48
Q

funtion of lymphocytes

A

humerall and cell mediated immunity

49
Q

mesenchyme cells

A

divide by numbers decrease with age; functional to change into another cell type

50
Q

reticular cells

A

derived from mesenchyme dcells; produce collagen III (reticular fibers)

51
Q

what do fibroblast have in common with reticular cells

A

fibroblast produce reticular fibers when needed on a temporary basis (wound healing) while reticular cells are found when collagen III is needed on a permanent basis

52
Q

where do reticular cells produce collagen III on a permenant basis

A

endocrin and lymphatic organs

53
Q

classification of CT

A

connective tissue proper and specialized CT

54
Q

Connective tissue proper

A

loose CT, dense CT

55
Q

types of Dense CT

A

dense irregular, dense regular, reticular CT and adipose

56
Q

types of loose connective tissue

A

loose areolar and loose irregular

57
Q

characteristics of loose CT

A

larger number of cells, many cell types, fewer fibers, increased amounts of ground substance, quite vasular

58
Q

loose areolar

A

greater and lesser omentum; around blood vessels and in other small areas

59
Q

loose irregular

A

papillar layer of dermis, directly beneath epithelium in organs

60
Q

characteristics of dense CT

A

fewer cells, fewer cell types, many fibers, less ground substance, less vascular

61
Q

dense irregular

A

reticular layer of dermis, nerve sheaths and organ capsules

62
Q

dense regular

A

tendons, ligaments and aponeurosis

63
Q

reticular CT

A

primary reticular fibers and reticular cells; edocrine an dlyphatic organs

64
Q

adipose

A

adipocyte cells, quite vascular; function in lipid storage

65
Q

general CT rules

A

1) increased number of cell types will increase healing potential 2) increased vascularity will increase healing potential

66
Q

specialized CT

A

cartilage, bone and blood

organ histology (12 decks)

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