CS401A's Prelims: Info Management Module 01 Flashcards
Raw facts, or facts that have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning to the end user.
Data
The result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning.
Information
consists of transformed data and facilities decision making.
Information
is a shared, integrated computer structure that houses a collection of data.
Database
that is, raw facts of interest to the end user.
End-user data
or data about data,
Metadata,
through which the end-user data is integrated and managed.
Metadata,
is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database.
A Database Management System (DBMS)
serves as the intermediary between the user and the database.
The DBMS (Database Management System)
The database structure itself is stored as a collection of files, and the only way to access the data in those files is through the
DBMS (Database Management System).
The DBMS serves as the intermediary between the user and the database.
Improved data sharing
The database structure itself is stored as a collection of files, and the only way to access the data in those files is through the DBMS.
Improved data sharing
A DBMS provides a framework for better enforcement of data privacy and security policies.
Improved data security
Wider access to well-managed data promotes an integrated view of the organization’s
operations and a clearer view of the big picture.
Better data integration
Data inconsistency exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places.
Minimized data inconsistency
The DBMS makes it possible to produce quick answers to ad hoc queries.
Improved data access
From a database perspective,
is a specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation
a query
Better-managed data and improved data access make it possible to generate better-
quality information, on which better decisions are based.
Improved decision making
The availability of data, combined with the tools that transform data into usable
information, empowers end users to make quick, informed decisions that can make the difference between success and failure in the global economy.
Increased end-user productivity
can be used to build many different types of databases.
Database Management System (DBMS)
A type of database that supports only one user at a time.
Single-user database
Single user database that runs on personal computer.
Desktop database
A type of database that supports multiple users at the same time.
Multiuser database
A type of database that supports a relatively small number of users or a specific department
within an organization.
Workgroup database
A type of database that is used by the entire organization and supports many users across
many departments.
Enterprise database
A type of database that supports data located at a single site.
Centralized database
A type of database that supports data distributed across several different sites.
Distributed database
A database that is created and maintained using cloud services, such as Microsoft Azure or
Amazon AWS.
Cloud database
A database that contains a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines.
General-purpose database
A type of database that contains data focused on specific subject areas.
Discipline-specific database
A type of database designed primarily to support a company’s day-to-day operations.
Operational database
A type of database focused primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used for tactical or strategic decision making.
Analytical database
refers to the activities that focus on the design of the database structure that will be used to store and manage end-user data.
Database Design
A database that meets all user requirements does not just happen; its structure must be designed carefully.
Database Design
TRUE || FALSE
The first step in constructing a physical database should be skipping the logical design and directly integrating the database structure.
FALSE
First step should be transforming logical design using best practices.
TRUE || FALSE
Understanding the shortcomings of the file system enables you to understand the development of modern databases.
TRUE
TRUE || FALSE
The file system method of organizing and managing data was a flawless improvement over the manual system, and the file system served as useful purpose in data management for over two (2) decades.
FALSE
The system was an improvement. Nonetheless, many flaws became evident.
modern databases use a
nonprocedural data manipulation language that allows the user to specify what must be done without specifying
how.
Lengthy development times
The need to write programs to produce even the simplest reports makes ad hoc queries impossible.
Difficulty of getting quick answers
System administration becomes more difficult as the number of files in the
system expands.
Complex system administration
Even a simple file system with a few files requires creating and maintaining several file
management programs.
Complex system administration
Another fault of a file system data repository.
Data sharing and security are closely related.
Lack of security and limited data sharing
Sharing data among multiple geographically dispersed users introduces a log of security risks.
Lack of security and limited data sharing
Making changes to an existing file structure can be difficult in a file system environment.
Extensive programming
A data characteristic in which a change in the database schema affects data access, thus requiring
changes in all access programs.
Structural dependence
A data characteristic in which changes in the database schema do not affect data access.
Structural independence
A data condition in which data representation and manipulation are dependent on the physical data
storage characteristics.
Data dependence
A condition in which data access is unaffected by changes in the physical data storage characteristics.
Data independence
It exists when the same data is stored unnecessarily at different places.
Data redundancy
Uncontrolled data redundancy sets the stage for the following:
Poor data security
Data inconsistency
Data-entry errors
Data integrity problems
Having multiple copies of data increases the chances for a copy of the data to be susceptible
to unauthorized access.
Poor data security
exists when different and conflicting versions for the same data appear in different places.
Data inconsistency
are more likely to occur when complex entries are made in several different files or recur frequently in one or more files.
Data-entry errors
Occurs when there is inconsistent data is stored. For example,
entering a nonexistent sales agent’s name and phone number into a Customer file can mislead customers and cause errors in the system.
Data integrity problems
Occurs when there is inconsistent data is stored. For example,
It is possible to enter a nonexistent sales agent’s name and phone number into the Customer file, but customers are not likely to be impressed if the insurance agency supplies the name and phone number of an agent who does not exist.
Data integrity problems
What is it called when
in which inconsistent change have been made to a database.
A data abnormality
What
develops when not all of the required changes in the redundant data are made successfully.
A data anomaly
