CS401A's Prelims: Ethics Module 01 Flashcards
For preliminary exams.
Is the branch of philosophy that studies morality or the rightness or wrongness of human conduct.
ethics
Speaks of a code or system of behavior in regards to standards of right or wrong behavior.
morality
Greek word,
means “character,” or “manners.”
ethos
Evaluates moral concepts, values, principles, and standards.
ethics,
also called “moral philosophy”
Is considered a normative study of human actions.
ethics
These refer to explicit or understood regulations or principles governing conduct within a specific activity or sphere.
rules
Rules build boundaries, placing limits on behavior. They are usually coupled with means to impose negative consequences on those who violate them, so
people follow them to avoid said consequences.
Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior.
Happiness depends on your willingness to live an authentic life where your behavior lines up with your values.
If you see yourself as an honest person, you’ll be the happiest when your behavior exemplifies your beliefs.
Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior.
Rules form frameworks for society.
Because the majority has agreed to follow and consent to be governed by such a constitution, the freedoms outlined exist.
Rules help to guarantee each person certain rights and freedom.
One of the advantages of such a system is that each person is guaranteed certain rights as the government is limited in its power to ensure that it does not become powerful enough to suppress liberty.
Rules help to guarantee each person certain rights and freedom.
Rules are needed to keep the strong from dominating the weak, that is, to prevent exploitation and domination.
Without them, schemes in which those with the power control the system, would take over.
Rules produce a sense of justice among social beings.
In effect, rules generate a stable system that provides justice, in which even the richest and most powerful have limitations on what they can do.
If they transgress rules such as laws and ordinances and take advantage of people, there are consequences both socially and criminally.
Rules produce a sense of justice among social beings.
Without rules regulating business, power would centralize around monopolies and threaten the strength and competitiveness of the system.
Rules are needed to ensure product safety, employee safety, and product quality.
Rules are essential for a healthy economic system.
Copyright and patents help protect people’s intellectual property.
Rules and regulations also keep the banking system stable so as to avoid depression and the like.
Obeying rules that govern employee conduct make the workplace a more pleasant and enjoyable environment.
Rules are essential for a healthy economic system.
They refer to norms which we have about the types of actions which we believe to be morally acceptable and morally unacceptable.
moral standards
They refer to the rules that are unrelated to moral or ethical considerations.
non-moral standards
Moral standards deal with matters which can seriously injure or benefit human beings.
Moral standards involve serious wrongs or significant benefits.
Moral standards have overriding character or hegemonic authority. If a moral standard states that a person has a moral obligation to do something, then s/he is supposed to do that even if it conflicts with other non-moral standards even self-interest.
Moral standards ought to be preferred to other values.
Moral standards are not invented, formed, or generated by authoritative bodies or persons such as nations’ legislative bodies. Ideally instead, these values ought to be considered in the process of making laws.
Moral standards are not established by authority figures.
Simply put, it means that everyone should live up to moral standards. To be more accurate, however, it entails that moral principles must apply to all who are in relevantly similar situation.
Moral standards have the trait of universalizability.
Moral standards do not evaluate standards on the basis of the interests of a certain person or group, but one that goes beyond personal interests to a universal standpoint in which each person’s interests are impartially counted as equal.
Moral standards are based on impartial considerations.
Is usually depicted as being free of bias or prejudice.
impartiality
Requires that we give equal and/or adequate consideration to the interests of all concerned parties.
impartiality
Prescriptivity indicates the practical or action-guiding nature of moral standards.
Moral standards are associated with special emotions and vocabulary.
Is a conflict in which you have to choose between two (2) or more actions and have moral reasons for choosing each action.
ethical dilemma
moral dilemma
The key features of a moral dilemma are these:
(a) the agent is required to do each of two (2) (or more) actions;
(b) the agent can do each of the actions, but the agent cannot do both (or all) of the actions.
These dilemmas are experienced and resolved on the personal level.
personal dilemmas
Since many ethical decisions are personally made, most moral dilemmas fall under this level.
personal dilemmas
These dilemmas refer to ethical cases encountered and resolved by social organizations.
organizational dilemmas
These dilemmas refer to cases involving network of institutions and operative theoretical paradigms.
structural dilemmas
Distinctively, only human beings can possess or practice values such as love, honor, social relationships, forgiveness, compassion, and altruism.
Only human beings are part of the moral community.
