CS401A's Prelims: Info Management Module 02

Question 1

Data Models

focuses on how the database structure will be used to store and manage end-user data.

Answer 1

Database design focuses on

Question 2

Data Models

the first step in designing a database,

Answer 2

Data Modeling, the first step in

Question 3

Data Models

refers to the process of creating a specific \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ for a determined problem domain.

Answer 3

Data Modeling,
refers to the process of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ a specific data model for a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Question 4

Data Models

is relatively simple representation, usually graphical, of more complex real-world data structures.

Answer 4

A data model is relatively

Question 5

Data Models

In general terms,
is an abstraction of a more complex real-world object or event.

(Coronel and Morris, 2017, p. 36)

Answer 5

In general terms, a model is

Question 6

Data Models

can facilitate interaction among the designer, the applications programmer, and the end user.

Answer 6

Data models can facilitate

Question 7

Data Models

constitutes the most basic information used by a system.

Answer 7

Data constitutes

Question 8

Data Models

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are created to manage data and to help transform data into information, but \_\_\_\_ is viewed in different ways by different people.

Answer 8

Applications are created to
but data is viewed in

Question 9

Data Models

Basic building blocks for data model are the following:

Answer 9

Data Model Basic Building Blocks
* * Entity
* Attribute
* Relationship

Question 10

Data Models

— It is a person, place, thing, or event about which data will be collected and stored.

Answer 10

Data Model Basic Building Blocks
* Entity

Question 11

Data Models

— It is a characteristic of an entity.

Answer 11

Data Model Basic Building Blocks
* Attribute

Question 12

Data Models

— It describes an association among entities.

Answer 12

Data Model Basic Building Blocks
* Relationship

Question 13

Data Models

○ Three (3) types of relationships:

Answer 13

Data Model Basic Building Blocks
* One-to-one (1:1) relationship
* One-to-many (1:M) relationship
* Many-to-many (M:M) relationship

Question 14

Data Models

These models represent school of thought as to what a dabase is, what it should do, the types of structures that it should use, and technologies would be used to implement these structures.

Answer 14

Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)
Hierarchical Model
Network Model
Relational Model
Entity Relationship Model
Object-Oriented Model

Question 15

Data Models

- It was developed in the 1960s to manage large amounts of data for complex manufacturing projects.

Answer 15

Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)
Hierarchical Model

Question 16

Data Models

- The model’s basic logical structure is represented by an upside-down tree.

Answer 16

Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)
Hierarchical Model

Question 17

Data Models

It contains levels, or segments.

Answer 17

Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)
Hierarchical Model

Question 18

Data Models

is the equivalent of a file system’s record type.

Answer 18

Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)
Hierarchical Model
- Segment

Question 19

Data Models

- It was created to represent complex \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ more effectively than the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_, to improve database standard.

Answer 19

Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)
Network Model
- It was created to represent \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ data relationships more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ than the hierarchical model, to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ database standard.

Question 20

Data Models

is generally used today, the standard database concepts that emerged with the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ are still used by modern data models.

Answer 20

Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)
Network Model
- The network database model is generally used today, the standard database concepts that emerged with the network model are still used by modern data models.
○ Schema
○ Subschema
○ Data Manipulation Language (DML)
○ Data Definition Language (DDL)

Question 21

Data Models

— It is the conceptual organization of the entire database as viewed by the database administrator.

Answer 21

Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)
○ Schema

Question 22

Data Models

— It defines the portion of the database by the application programs that actually produce the desired information from the data in the database.

Answer 22

Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)
○ Subschema

Question 23

Data Models

— It defines the environment in which data can be managed.

Answer 23

Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)
○ Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Question 24

Data Models

— It allows the database administrator to define the schema components

Answer 24

Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)
○ Data Definition Language (DDL)

Question 25

# **Data Models** `-` It was introduced in 1970 by E.F. Codd of IBM.

Answer 25

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **Relational Model**

Question 26

# **Data Models** represented a major breakthrough for both users and designers.

Answer 26

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **Relational Model** `-` The relational model

Question 27

# **Data Models** `-` The foundation of mathematical concept is known as a

Answer 27

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** relation.

Question 28

# **Data Models** It was introduced in 1970 by Peter Chen.

Answer 28

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **Entity Relationship Model**

Question 29

# **Data Models** `-` The graphical representation of entities and their relationships in a database structure quickly became popular, because it complemented the relational data model concepts.

Answer 29

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **Entity Relationship Model**

Question 30

# **Data Models** are combined to provide the foundation for tightly structured database design.

Answer 30

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** `-` The relational data model and ERM

Question 31

# **Data Models** both data and its relationships are contained in a single structure known as an `______`.

Answer 31

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **Object-Oriented Model** In the Object-Oriented Data Model (OODM), both `____` and its `_____________` are contained in a single structure known as an object.

Question 32

# **Data Models** In turn, the OODM is the basis for the

Answer 32

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **Object-Oriented Model** Object-Oriented Database Management System (OODBMS).

Question 33

# **Data Models** `-` The `____` is said to be a semantic data model because it indicates meaning.

Answer 33

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **Object-Oriented Model** `-` The OODM is said to be a `________ ____ _____` because it indicates `_______`.

Question 34

# **Data Models** **Evolution of Data Model Coronel and Morris 2017)** **Object-Oriented Model** `-` The Object-Oriented Model is based on the following components:

Answer 34

○ An object is an abstraction of a real-world entity ○ Attributes describe the properties of an object ○ Objects that share similar characteristics are grouped in classes. ○ Classes are organized in a class hierarchy. ○ Inheritance is the ability of an object within the class hierarchey to inherit attributes. ○ Object-oriented data models are typically depicted using Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagrams.

Question 35

# **Data Models** is a collection of similar objects with shared structure (attributes) and behavior (methods).

Answer 35

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **Object-Oriented Model** `-` The Object-Oriented Model is based on the following components: A class is a collection of `_______ _______` with `______ _________` (`__________`) and `________` (`_______`).

Question 36

# **Data Models** resembles an upside-down tree in which each class has only one parent.

Answer 36

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **Object-Oriented Model** `-` The Object-Oriented Model is based on the following components: The class hierarchy resembles an `______`-`____ ____` in which each class has only `___` parent.

Question 37

# **Data Models** is a language based on `______`-`________` concepts that describes a set of diagrams and symbols you can use to graphically model a system.

Answer 37

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **Object-Oriented Model** `-` The Object-Oriented Model is based on the following components: UML is a language based on Object-Oriented concepts that describes a `___` of `________` and `_______` you can use to `___________ _____` a `______`.

Question 38

# **Data Models** — A metalanguage used to represent and manipulate data elements.

Answer 38

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **Extensive Markup Language (XML)**

Question 39

# **Data Models** Unlike markup languages, permits the manipulation of a document's data elements.

Answer 39

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **Extensive Markup Language (XML)** XML

Question 40

# **Data Models** **Evolution of Data Model Coronel and Morris 2017)** **Emerging Data Models:**

Answer 40

**Big Data and NoSQL**

Question 41

# **Data Models** `-` It refers to a movement to find new and better ways to manage large amounts of web and sensor-generated data and derive business insight from it

Answer 41

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **Big Data**

Question 42

# **Data Models** `-` The term seems to have been first used in a computing framework by John Mashey, Silicon Graphics scientist in the 1990s.

Answer 42

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **Big Data**

Question 43

# **Data Models** However, it seems to be Douglas Laney, a data analyst from the Gartner Group, who first described the basic characteristics of Big Data databases:

Answer 43

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** ○ **Volume** ○ **Velocity** ○ **Variety**

Question 44

# **Data Models** — It refers to the amounts of data being stored.

Answer 44

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** ○ **Volume**

Question 45

# **Data Models** — It refers not only to the speed with which data grows but also to the need to process this data quickly in order to generate information and insight.

Answer 45

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** ○ **Velocity**

Question 46

# **Data Models** — It refers to the fact that the data being collected comes in multiple different data formats.

Answer 46

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** ○ **Variety**

Question 47

# **Data Models** `-` It is a large-scale distributed database system that stores structured and unstructured data in efficient ways.

Answer 47

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **NoSQL**

Question 48

# **Data Models** **NoSQL** `-` The following are the general characteristics of NoSQL databases:

Answer 48

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** ○ They are not based on the relational model and SQL, hence the name NoSQL. ○ They support distributed database architectures. ○ They provide high scalability, high availability, and fault tolerance. ○ They support very large amounts of sparse data. ○ They are geared toward performance rather than transactions consistency.

Question 49

# **Data Models** One of the big advantages of is that they generally use a distributed database node.

Answer 49

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **NoSQL** `-` **NoSQL supports distributed database architecture**

Question 50

# **Data Models** can handle very high volumes of data.

Answer 50

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **NoSQL** `-` **NoSQL supports very large amounts of sparse data**

Question 51

# **Data Models** are designed to support web operations, such as the ability to add capacity in the form of nodes to the distributed database when the demand is high, and to do it transparently and without downtime.

Answer 51

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **NoSQL** `-` **NoSQL provides high scalability, high availability, and fault tolerance**

Question 52

# **Data Models** One of the biggest problems if very large distributed databases are enforcing data consistency.

Answer 52

**Evolution of Data Model (Coronel and Morris 2017)** **NoSQL** `-` **Most NoSQL databases are geared toward performance rather than transactions consistency**

Question 53

# **Data Models** `-` It is the end user's view of the data environment.

Answer 53

**Degrees of Data Abstraction** **External Model**

Question 54

# **Data Models** `-` It refers to people who use the application programs to manipulate the data and generate information.

Answer 54

**Degrees of Data Abstraction** **External Model**

Question 55

# **Data Models** `- __` diagrams will be used to represent the external views. A specific representation of an external view is known as

Answer 55

**Degrees of Data Abstraction** **External Model** ER diagrams an **external schema**.

Question 56

# **Data Models** `-` It represents a global view of the entire database by the entire organization.

Answer 56

**Degrees of Data Abstraction** **Conceptual Model**

Question 57

# **Data Models** it is the basis for the identification and high-level description of the main data objects.

Answer 57

**Degrees of Data Abstraction** **Conceptual Model** `-` Also known as a **conceptual schema**,

Question 58

# **Data Models** `-` It is the representation of the database as "seen" by the DBMS.

Answer 58

**Degrees of Data Abstraction** **Internal Model**

Question 59

# **Data Models** `-` It requires the designer to match the `__________ _____`'s characteristics and constraints to those of the selected implementation model.

Answer 59

**Degrees of Data Abstraction** **Internal Model**

Question 60

# **Data Models** depicts a specific representation of an `__________ _____`, using the database constructs supported by the chosen database.

Answer 60

**Degrees of Data Abstraction** `-` **Internal schema**

Question 61

# **Data Models** operates at the lowest level of abstraction, describing the way data is saved on storage media.

Answer 61

**Degrees of Data Abstraction** **Physical Model**

Question 62

# **Data Models** requires the definition of both the physical devices and the (physical) access methods required to reach the data within those storage devices, making it both software and hardware dependent.

Answer 62

**Degrees of Data Abstraction** The physical model