Crime- Dysfunctional families Social

Question 1

What are the 2 theory’s in this?

Answer 1

Double bind theory
Expressed emotion

Question 2

What is the double bind theory?

Answer 2

Explains SZ as being a consequence of abnormal and inadequate patterns of communication within the families of SZ

Question 3

Double bind- Bateson?

Answer 3

Families of SZ communicate in a destructively ambiguous fashion
e.g. the mother will tell the child that she loves him, but in this tone of voice that does it suggest love
If childs repeatedly exposed to this sort of communication, they become unable to respond logically to others

Question 4

Double blind- paralinguistics?

Answer 4

Words are one part of communication, they are accompanied by paralinguistic
Paralinguistics mean tone of voice, body language and facial expression

Question 5

How do paralinguistics create conflict?

Answer 5

The child is therefore getting two seperate messages, and as these two messages, contradict each other causing conflict
Whatever the child’s action, weather they ignore or respond, they can’t win

Question 6

Bateson- how does double blind lead to SZ symptoms?

Answer 6

Positive- hallucinations and delusions (helping escape reality)
Negative- flatness of effects, avolition, hedonia and withdrawal due to confusion

Question 7

What is expressed emotion?

Answer 7

A family communication style in which members of the family of a psychiatric patient talk about the patient in a critic hostile manner
Or in a way that indicates emotional over involvement with the patient and their behaviour
-Primary suggested as an explanation for relapse, this could be a casual factor in developing SZ

Question 8

EE- Brown?

Answer 8

Investigated SZ patient after they had been discharged from a mental health facility and found those returning to home with high levels of expressed emotion were more likely of relapse

Question 9

EE- Butzlaff and Hooley?

Answer 9

Reviewed over 200 studies of expressed emotions findig 70% of SZ in families with high expressed emotion relapsed within a year compared to 30% relapse rate of patient from families with low level of expressed emotions

Question 10

Brown- 5 components of EE?

Answer 10

Critical comments
Hostility
Emotional over-involvement
Warmth
Positive regard

Question 11

Brown- 5 components of EE critical comments?

Answer 11

Behaviour of the individual with SZ were counted by Brown
Comments like ‘they’re so lazy, they don’t help around the house were house’ given by EE caregivers
While low EE caregiver tended to own knowledge these behaviour were due to illness

Question 12

Brown- 5 components of EE Hostility?

Answer 12

Noted as generally being present in the interview with high EE caregivers
The hostility was thought to be the result of unmanageable anger, irrational and ultimately the rejection of the patient

Question 13

Brown- 5 components of EE emotional over involvement?

Answer 13

Manifest itself in high levels of both happiness and sadness
Excessive self sacrifice and extreme overprotection behaviour of the caregiver towards the individual with SZ especially evident in the parent care giver as that frequently felt guilty to illness

Question 14

Brown- 5 components of EE warmth?

Answer 14

Measured via vocal qualities, smiling and empathy expressed when the caregiver was taking about the individual with SZ, warmth generally evident in low EE caregivers

Question 15

Brown- 5 components of EE Positive regard?

Answer 15

Number of reinforcing statement and appreciation of the individual with SZ
Laking in law EE caregivers

Question 16

Evaluation- research support?

Answer 16

Strength, there is empirical evidence
Berger- interviewed and found that reported a higher rate of recall of double bind statement by there mothers than non SZ
-Self report, lack of internal validity because any answer they give might be a reflection of there SZ symptoms

Question 17

Evaluation- nature vs nurture?

Answer 17

One limitation of family dysfunction is based solely on the impact of communication difficulties in the family environment, therefore nurture explains this
e.g. double blind and EE are social factor related to SZ
-But SZ can be in genes, research found 108 genetic loci associated with SZ

Question 18

Evaluation- cause and effect?

Answer 18

-Limitation, communication difficulties as a causal factor of SZ is that not all research has found a significant difference in qualities of communications within SZ
-Liem communication heard in a structure task by the parents of 11 sons with SZ were no more disordered suggested those studies that did not find a difference in parental communication may actually just be detecting parent have to adapt communication styles when dealing SZ child
-Based on effect not cause