Social psychology- gender socialisation theory

Question 1

Who believes the patterns of socialisation?

Answer 1

Sutherland

Question 2

Sutherland- what does he believe?

Answer 2

Boys and girls face different socialisation reinforcing behaviour that encourages criminality in boys and discourages in girls

Question 3

Sutherland examples of socialisation?

Answer 3

Clothing
Toys
Language
Interaction

Question 4

Sutherland how does socialisation lead to criminal behaviour in males?

Answer 4

Socialised into being tough and aggressive, to repress their emotions and to be risk takers

Question 5

Who believes in role models?

Answer 5

Bandura

Question 6

Bandura- what does the role model theory says?

Answer 6

All people learn behaviour by observing and imitating role models
Usually parents

Question 7

Bandura- trends of role models?

Answer 7

Boys- fathers
Girls- mothers
Mum more likely to be at home leading to more role models whereas boys dont

Question 8

Parsons- role model?

Answer 8

Girls have a bigger role model because typically women are more likely to stay at home so they are able to mirror there behaviour, whereas men are more likely to work so boys don’t have an active role model around them causing them to do the opposite of their mothers to reject all there negative values causing them to be tough and aggressive

Question 9

Cohen- role models?

Answer 9

Boys don’t have a readily available role model so socialisation is hard
So boys have experience anxiety about identity as a young man so rely on male peer groups and street gangs sp there masculinity can be rewarded

Question 10

Who believes in social control?

Answer 10

Heidensohn

Question 11

Heidensohn- how does he believe behaviours controlled?

Answer 11

Girls are dependant for care so restricted on curfew also given more housework chores where as sons aren’t as restricted

Question 12

Heidensohn- why do women have fewer opportunity’s to commit crimes?

Answer 12

Workplace- the glass ceiling preventing women from getting promotions so can’t commit white collar crimes
Public- media reporting crimes like rape restrict women from being alone at night and staying in
Home- greater restriction on time movement and there domestic roles

Question 13

Heidensohn- females and double jeopardy?

Answer 13

If women commit a crime then they face the charge of committing a crime going against society’s values but also going against there feminine values of being caring and nurturing so are guilty of 2 counts

Question 14

Why do women commit crimes?

Answer 14

Feel that there crimes are rational choice as they are breaking control
After following roles and end up being unfulfilled later on in life
Believing prisons a rational alternative to life they lead
Crime is to gain control for revenge

Question 15

Why do men commit crimes?

Answer 15

To maintain power acting out of impulse and aggression

Question 16

Evaluation- alternative evidence

Answer 16

The chivalry hypothesis Pollak

Question 17

Evaluation- AE Pollak

Answer 17

Men in criminal system have a protective attitude to women s o less likely to be arrested, charged, prosecuted saying that the gender of criminal justice system and that’s the reason for crime statistics

Question 18

Evaluation AE- the chivalry hypothesis?

Answer 18

The courts and the judicial system favor women commiting crimes more than the judicial system says

Question 19

Evaluation- Practical application?

Answer 19

The man up project supporting men to explore ways in which the concept of masculinity contributes to shaping individual identity
Challenging negative outcomes experienced by men as a result to fulfill stereotype expectations

Question 20

Evaluation- Hormonal differences sociologist?

Answer 20

James Dabb
Peter Ericson

Question 21

Evaluation- Hormonal differences- James Dabb?

Answer 21

Weakness
Testosterone 9-11 inmmates with lower testosterone committed non violent crimes
Suggesting testosterone is related to an increase in agression and that diferences in socialisation and social control may not be the only differences that are responsible for crime inmates

Question 22

Evaluation- Peter erikson hormones?

Answer 22

Oestradiol
Compared groups of alcoholics with control group of 44 men
Negative correlation between oestradiol levels showing male and females have a role to play

Question 23

Evaluation- Out of date?

Answer 23

Temporal validity, rise of femininity focusing on equal rights
1948 Sutherland proposing gender socialisation as an explanation, male and female roles clearly defined.