Sz- Sociocultural Factors

Question 1

What are sociocultural factors?

Answer 1

Aspects of our society in which individuals lives affecting the behaviour of the individual
Declied since influence of biological evidence

Question 2

What are the 3 sociocultural factors?

Answer 2

Urbanicity
Social isolation
Ethnicity

Question 3

What is urbanicity?

Answer 3

Rate of SZ in urban areas is much higher than rural areas

Question 4

Urbanicity- Faris and Dunham?

Answer 4

Found incidences of SZ were higher in the densely populated centre of Chicago compared to less densely populated suburbs surrounding the city

Question 5

How has Urbanicity affected lifestyle changes over time?

Answer 5

Specific features of urban life and development of SZ
Increased socioeconomic adversity in urban areas contrubute to a stressful home life for families
Urban areas have high levels of drug and substance abuse
Overcrowding
Pollution and exposure to toxins

Question 6

Urbanicity- krabbendam and van os?

Answer 6

Specific features of urban life and development of SZ
Increased socioeconomic adversity in urban areas contrubute to a stressful home life for families
Urban areas have high levels of drug and substance abuse
Overcrowding
Pollution and exposure to toxins

Question 7

Social isolation- What does this mean?

Answer 7

SZ are often very socially isolated from others, few friends and estranged from family’s and are likely to live alone
They receive no corrective feedback and so the strange behaviour can flourish unchallenged

Question 8

Social isolation- Faris et al?

Answer 8

SZ may find interaction with others to be stressful and confusion so they retreat and withdrawal from society, Urbanicity+overcoruding= SZ

Answer 9

SZ may find interaction with others to be stressful and confusion so they retreat and withdrawal from society, Urbanicity+overcoruding= SZ

Question 10

Social icolation- Jones et al?

Answer 10

Longitudinal prospective study (study before onset of symptoms)
Reaserchers found that individuals diagnosed with SZ were more likely to show solidarity play at age 4-6

At 13 we’re more likely to rate themselves socially confident

Question 11

Ethnicity in relation to SZ?

Answer 11

SZ more prevalent in immigrants e.g. Afro carrabien

Question 12

Ethnicity- ineichen?

Answer 12

Since 1970s rate for Afro carrabien people were higher than expected, this group also had higher rates of compulsory admission to psychiatric facilities as opposed to voulntary admission

Question 13

Ethnicity- Cochran and sashidharan?

Answer 13

Black Afro carrabien immigrants in the Uk are 7x more likely to be diagnosed with SZ than white people
Explanation can’t be genetic because increased risk is not apparent in studies carried out in the carrabien so can be argued that the higher rate of SZ in the migrant community may be due to increased stress caused by bring an imigrsnt or an ethnic minority

Answer 14

Since 1970s rate for Afro carrabien people were higher than expected, this group also had higher rates of compulsory admission to psychiatric facilities as opposed to voulntary admission

Question 15

How has ethnicity been contested?

Answer 15

Suggested that the stress of migration can be the case
But High rates of SZ observed second gen immigrants
Can come from discrimination
In society the social isolation
Psychiatry dominated by white males leading to the discrimination when diagnosing SZ

Question 16

Evaluation- who is our supporting research?

Answer 16

Jones et al

Question 17

Evaluation- supporting research Jones et al?

Answer 17

Longitudinal study of 5,362 people born in a specific week in march 1946
Between age of 16 and 43 yrs
30 cases of SZ were diagnosed, those individually diagnosed with SZ were diagnosed
Those individual diagnosed with SZ were more likely to show solitary play preference at age 4 and 6 yr old and at 13 were more likely to rate themselves as less socially confident
-Strength as its longitudinal and prospect showing we can see the shift and change in behaviour overtime

Question 18

Evaluation- urbanicity a valid explanations evidence?

Answer 18

Krabbendam and van O
Mckenzie et al 2002

Question 19

Evaluation- urbanicity Krabbendam and van O?

Answer 19

identified a range of factors that may increase social stress (poverty, pollution and overcrowding) and cause SZ

Question 20

Evaluation- urbanicity a valid McKenzie et al?

Answer 20

Proposed that higher levels of social capital in urban living actually protect individuals from stress

Question 21

Evaluation- urbanicity a valid?

Answer 21

S- limitation is contradictory weather urban living increases social stress of an individual
E- Krabbenda and Van O + McKenzie et al
E- found city dwellers healthier than those in rurual areas due to better institutuins
W- Therefore

Question 22

Evaluation- Practicle explanation?

Answer 22

S- One strength is that solitary play in children can indicate SZ later in life
E- Means we can spot these showing symptoms and encourage socialisation by an increase in social confidence in children via play therapy’s
E- Preventative measure
W- therefore a strength

Question 23

Evaluation- cause and effect?

Answer 23

S- one weakness
E- Social drift hypothesis, once diagnosing SZ, individuals demonstrate a decline in socioeconomics stating as they find it less easy to maintain employment so move to inner city areas
-Carsten Pedersen and Preven Mcorten found individuals with high risk of psychological disorder, reduced likelihood of developing SZ if they moved to a rural environment, may be due to stress

Question 24

Evaluation- diathesis stress model?

Answer 24

S- one weakness
E- looks at biological and environment around us to make a better explanation would involve biological issue
E- we may already have genes resulting in SZ but due to this sociocultural trigger this could cause SZ to develop and worsen
W- Therefore weakness as does not take into account non environmental factors