Courtroom Demeanor / Vehicle Pullovers / Finger Printing / Stress Flashcards
The LEO’s role in the courtroom is not to convince anyone of the ____ or ____ of the defendant but rather to present ____ based on the ____ known to the officer. These facts must be based on a ____, ____, and ____investigation.
guilt or innocence
testimony
facts
fair, objective, and thorough
The process used to select individuals to serve as jurors is called:
Voir Dire
The questioning of a witness to determine his/her competency to provide certain testimony.
Voir Dire
Direct examination of prosecution witnesses is conducted by the ____. Cross-examination is generally limited in scope to those matters raised during ____ ____ of the witness.
prosecutor
direct examination
The purpose of ____-____ is to test the credibility of the witness or call into question ____ or earlier ____.
cross-examination
evidence
testimony
In a jury trial, the judge’s role is to ensure procedural ____ ____, not determine ____ or ____. The jury has the role of determining the facts of the case and applying the law, as charged by the judge, to the facts to determine a ____.
due process
innocence or guilt
verdict
What rule allows witnesses to be excluded from the courtroom during proceedings? This rule also requires that witnesses not discuss the case with anyone other than the judge or the attorneys involved directly in the case.
Rule of Sequestration
True/False
A violation to the rule of sequestration goes to the credibility of the witness.
True
Effective witnesses are well prepared for court. Reviewing ____ ____ and meeting with the ____ are just a couple of the steps an officer needs to take before reporting to court.
case reports
prosecutor
For court, Officers should dress ____ and ____ as dictated by ____ policy.
conservative and appropriately
departmental
In court, an officer who does not know the answer to a question should simply do what?
Admit that he/she does not know, and move forward.
Officers should understand the basic rules regarding ____, and ____ to the rules including ____ declarations and ____ utterances.
hearsay and exceptions
dying declarations
excited utterances
Officers must respond to defense tactics ____ and ____ in order to maintain ____ with the jury.
professionally and deliberately
credibility
Explain the general progression of a jury trial from the beginning of jury selection until sentencing.
1) Case is called
2) Voir Dire
3) Jury Selection
4) Jury Sworn
5) Opening Statements
6) Prosecution presents case
7) Defense moves for directed verdict
8) Defense presents case
9) Defense and Prosecution makes closing arguments
10) Judge charges jury
11) Jury retires to deliberate
12) Jury returns and renders verdict
13) Release if not guilty
14) Sentencing if guilty
Information gained or acquired from another and not part of one’s direct knowledge.
Hearsay
The way in which a person reacts to environmental stimuli.
Stress
What are the four categories to stress?
1) Acute
2) Episodic acute
3) Chronic
4) Trauma (Critical Incident)
Most common form of stress and results from the demands and pressures of the recent past and anticipated demands and pressures of the near future.
Acute Stress
Caused by frequent acute stress and can take the form of ceaseless worry.
Episodic Acute Stress
The grinding stress that wears people down day after day, year after year, and leads to serious illness.
Chronic Stress
Stress caused by any tragic or traumatic event that causes a person to experience unusually strong, intense emotional reactions which have the potential to overwhelm the individual’s ability to cope.
Critical Incident Stress
What type of stress can lead to PTSD?
Critical Incident Stress
Stress which may result when a person suffers an event or situation outside the range of normal experience which exceeds the individual’s perceived ability to meet its demands, and poses a serious threat to the loss of life.
PTSD
Also known as the medical classification of stress.
General Adaptation Syndrome (G.A.S)
What are the three stages of stress?
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
Where the systems of the body are aroused to respond to a stressor and all internal resources are focused on the stress factor.
Alarm Stage
Where reactions become specialized in an attempt to bring the stress factor within tolerable levels.
Resistance
Where all the defenses collapse and stress runs wild as a result of failing to bring the stress under control.
Exhaustion
What are the four categories of sources of stress:
1) External
2) Internal
3) Inherent to the Job
4) Individual
What type of stressors cannot be controlled by the officer or the department? They can only be mitigated, not completely eliminated. Examples include, the courts and judicial system, the public, and the media.
External Stressors
Stressors that are specific to a particular agency and can be controlled by agency leadership. Examples include poor supervision, a lack of career development, excessive paperwork, and inconsistent discipline.
Internal Stressors
Stressors that are apart of police work and can only be managed and include role conflict, adverse work schedules, and a negative view of life.
Inherent Stressors
Stressors that are unique to each person and can include family issues, fear regarding abilities and second jobs.
Personal / Individual Stressors
Stress manifests through what four ways:
1) Physical
2) Cognitive
3) Emotional
4) Behavioral Reactions
The continuing sense of frustration and tiredness that often occurs when a person is dedicated to a calling or career and does not receive the rewards he/she expected.
Burnout
True/False
Personality types play a major role in how people deal with stress.
True
Personalities that are characterized by competitive, hostile, or aggressive behavior.
Type A
Personalities that are characterized as being slower to anger and more tolerant of themselves and others.
Type B
What are four positive coping methods for dealing with stress?
1) Medical Exams
2) Counseling
3) Good Diet
4) Weight Control
What are five negative coping methods for dealing with stress?
1) Projection
2) Rationalization
3) Displaced Aggression
4) Smoking
5) Alcohol or Drug Abuse
Name three positive alternatives for reducing stress.
1) Eliminating Stressors
2) Seeking professional help
3) Increasing ability to cope with stress
____ ____ is often the result of a failure to effectively manage stress.
Substance Abuse
Signs and symptoms which include being unable to limit the amount of alcohol you drink, developing a tolerance to alcohol so that you need more and more to achieve the same result, drinking alone or hiding alcohol, not remembering conversations, or blacking out.
Alcohol Abuse
What resources do officers have to help cope with stress?
1) Peer counselors
2) Chaplins
3) Community Service Boards under contract with the Georgia DBHDD
____ ____ are necessary and sometimes a dangerous part of the patrol officer’s job.
Vehicle Pullovers
Officer ____ can have deadly consequences.
complacency
What are the two classifications of vehicle pullovers?
Unknown Risk
High Risk Stop
Officers need ____ ____ or ____ that the occupants of the vehicle have committed or are committing a violation of the law in order to initiate a stop.
probable cause or ARS
Officers should find a ____ and suitable ____ to make a traffic stop. Conditions such as ____ flow, ____, ____, and ____ density are considerations that might influence the officer’s choice of pullover location.
safe
location
traffic flow, lighting, terrain, and population density
Prior to initiating a stop, the officer should notify the dispatcher of what four things?
1) Location of the stop
2) Description of the vehicle (CYMBALS)
3) Number of occupants
4) Reason for the stop
What four positions can an officer position the patrol vehicle on a traffic stop?
1) Offset Left
2) Offset Right
3) Inline
4) Angle Position
During the approach to the stopped vehicle, the officer should maintain eye contact with the vehicle, watching for ____ movements and checking the entire ____ compartment before speaking to the driver. Officers should push down lightly on the ____ to ensure it is closed before walking up to the driver’s door.
suspicious
passenger
trunk
While talking to the driver, the officer should never pass the ____ post.
B Post
What type of stop is when the driver or occupants of a vehicle are known or suspected of having committed a serious crime? These stops are often the result of lookouts issued by other officers, or during a crime in progress call or pursuit situation.
High-Risk Stops
A high-risk stop should NEVER be attempted by a ____ officer.
single
During a high-risk stop, one officer should give ____ while another officer maintains ____ of all other occupants.
commands
cover
Handcuffing should only be conducted when the suspect is in a position that is safe for the ____ officer to place the handcuffs.
backup
Vehicle searches should be conducted ____ and as contemporaneously to the arrest as possible. An inventory should be made in accordance with ____ policies
incidental
departmental
AKA Good Stress
Eustress
AKA Bad Stress
Distress
When you take personal or work issues and project them to an innocent person:
Displaced aggression
What are three basic fingerprint patterns?
1) Loops
2) Whorls
3) Arches
Equipment for inked prints.
Finger Print Card Holder
Black Printers Ink
Inking Plate
Ink Roller
Thumbs are rolled ____ the center of the body, and fingers are rolled ____ ____ the center of the body.
towards
away from
List some reasons for poor prints.
Dirty equipment
Dirty/Wet Hands
Failure to roll from nail bed to nail bed
Failure to roll below first joint
Too much/Not enough ink
Lack of finger control
Failure to complete card properly
Two types of fingerprints?
Latent
Patent
Prints visible to the naked eye from blood, grease, dirt or dust. No processing required.
Patent prints
Prints not visible to the naked eye. Processing required.
Latent prints
Visible, impressed prints that occur when a finger touches a soft, malleable surface. No enhancement required.
Plastic prints
Finger prints reveal ____ and ____.
Identity
Criminal history
The most common/effective fingerprint powder.
Black Volcanic Ash
Application methods for fingerprint powder:
Superglue Fuming
Using a brush
Using a feather duster
Methods of developing fingerprint evidence:
Fingerprint powder
Magnetic Wand
Chemical methods on porous surfaces
Inkless documentation of fingerprints, electronically transmitted to the DOJ for completion of a criminal record check.
Live Scan
Fingerprint cards for applicants have a ____ border and cards for criminals have a ____ border.
Blue
Red
A mixture of metal flakes and black fingerprint powder used for collecting latent fingerprints.
Magnetic dusting powder
How long do you have to send fingerprints to the GBI?
24 hours, except on weekends
Hands must be ____ before fingerprinting can start.
Dry
Exercising is a form of what?
Stress Relief
What is a way to calm yourself down while in a car chase?
Long Deep breaths
The best evidence to turn in is ?
Original evidence
What is happening when a person is being questioned by the prosecutor?
Direct Examination
What is happening when a person is being questioned by the defense attorney?
Cross-Examination
Who in the court interprets the provisions of the law and ensures the defendant is afforded procedural due process?
The Judge
What is the best fingerprint processing technique for magnetic material?
Fingerprint dusting
Fingerprint that has one or more of the ridges enter on either side, recurve at the center and flow out the same side.
Loop print
Fingerprint that has ridges that enter from one side, recurve in front of itself and has 2 deltas.
Whorls
Fingerprint that enters on one side, arches in the center and flows out the other side.
Plain Arch
Refers to the raised portion of the skin of the print, consisting of one or more connected ridges.
Friction Ridge
Ridges of the friction surfaces that end, divide, form dots, and form short ridges.
AKA Minutia…distinguishes one print from another
Each LE Agency is responsible for obtaining fingerprints on anyone that agency arrests for ____ and certain ____.
felony
misdemeanors
True/False
It is acceptable for an officer to be armed while fingerprinting a suspect.
False
True/False
Latent prints left on paper products cannot normally be processed at a crime scene due to the special materials needed to develop them.
True
Paper, cardboard, or other similar items should be placed in ____ ____ and taken to a fingerprint ____ for processing.
evidence bags
technician
Wet objects, or those that have been submerged in water, can still yield ____ prints. These objects should be allowed to ____ at room temperature before being tested for prints. Officers should never attempt to process a ____ object as doing so may damage the prints, making them unusable.
latent
dry
moist
True/False
Officers may be called to testify as to the procedure used to lift latent prints and must be prepared to do so.
True
Officers should account for the ____ ____ ____ of latent cards from the time the prints are collected until they are turned over to the latent examiner by making the appropriate notation on the cards.
Chain of custody
