Corrections - Blood Flashcards
What is the single most important factor in determining whether cryoprecipitate should be given?
A low fibrinogen level
How is CMV transmitted in blood?
in leucocytes
Why are CMV negative products now rarely required?
As most blood products (except granulocyte transfusions) are now leucocyte depleted
What are irradiated blood products depleted of?
T-lymphocytes to avoid transfusion-associated graft versus host disease (TA-GVHD)
Give 4 situations where CMV negative blood is required?
1) Granulocyte transfusions
2) Intra-uterine transfusions
3) Neonates up to 28 days post expected date of delivery
4) Pregnancy: Elective transfusions during pregnancy (not during labour or delivery)
Give 3 situations where irradiated blood is required
1) Bone marrow / stem cell transplants
2) Immunocompromised (e.g. chemotherapy or congenital)
3) Patients with/previous Hodgkin lymphoma
What is the preferred treatment option to rapidly reverse warfarin in patients with life-threatening bleeding, e.g. intracranial haemorrhage?
Prothrombin complex concentrate
Why is PCC preferred to FFP in the emergency reversal of warfarin anticoagulation?
1) FFP is less concentrated than PCC and requires a larger volume infusion - may increase risk of fluid overload
2) PCC has faster onset of action compared to FFP
What is the universal donor of FFP?
AB RhD blood
What should be prescribed in between every other unit of packed red cells, if ≥2 units are given?
Stat dose of furosemide (to reduce fluid overload)
In DIC, after general resuscitation measures, what treatment should be administered first?
FFP or cryoprecipitate
What is the pathophysiology behind acute haemolytic transfusion reactions?
RBC destruction by IgM-type antibodies
In a non-urgent scenario, over what time period is a unit of RBC is usually transfused?
90-120 minutes
In a non-urgent scenario, how long hould 1 unit of RBCs be transfused over?
90-120 minutes
Why is the threshold for transfusion for RBCs lower in ACS?
As anaemia can worsen ischaemia in ACS as there is less Hb to carry O2, meaning the heart has to work harder and also receives less O2.
