COPD- Symptoms, Screening, Risk factors, Diagnosis Flashcards
Common s/s of COPD
4
this includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis (the 2 main dieases that make up COPD)
- dyspnea
- cough
- sputum production
- exercise intolerance
What are later signs of COPD
5
barrel chest
clubbing
R sided HF
weight loss/wasting/sacropenia
depression
What is secondary polycythemia
increase in RBCs due to increased erythropoiesis from lack of oxygen
seen in COPD
RBCs have hemoglobin that O2 binds to so more RBCs = more hemoglobin for O2 to bind
5 risk factors for COPD development
- smoking
- second hand smoke
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency syndrome
- occupational exposures
- serious lung infections as a child
A1ADS- lack of enzyme that protects alveoli from destruction
When should smokers or exsmokers be screened for COPD
by age 40
Who else should be screened for COPD
anyone with s/s and progressive activity related SOB
How is screening done for COPD
PFTs/spirometry
How would a patient with COPD respond to short acting bronchodilators vs an asthma patient
much less response than asthma patient
If a patient has the s/s of COPD but a negative smoking history what should you test for
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
What is required for dx of COPD
Spirometry
What postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio confirms a COPD dx
FEV1/FVC <0.7
What are the goals of COPD management
4
improve lung function
reduce SOB/other symptoms
improve health
reduce exacerbations
How can spirometry indicate the severity of airflow obstruction in COPD
the magintude of reduction in post-bronchodilator FEV1
the lower the FEV1 the worse the obstruction
