Contraindicatii extractie 2 Flashcards

1
Q

CAt se mentine efectul acenocumarolului?

A

36-72 h

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2
Q

Cat trebuie sa fie INR pt o extractie,care e INR-ul optim dupa reluarea medicatiei si ce inseamna inr?

A
  • INR<=1,5 pt extractie
  • 2-3 optim
  • INR= raport timp protrombina Quick pacient si timp protrombina martor(ridicat la putere ISI)
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3
Q

La pacientii cu proteze valvulare metalice, din cauza riscului trombotic crescut cum se procedeaza?

A
  • inlocuire ACO cu heparina
  • heparina nefractionata (iv, spitalicesc, intrerupere cu 6 h inainte de op) sau fractionata in doze (intrerupree cu 12 h)
  • cele fractionate au efect anticoagulant mai stabil, independent de APTT, in ijectii subcutanate la 12/24 h, nu continuu
  • se reia la 6 ore heparina dupa op, sau 12 daca continua sangerarea
  • in aceasi noapte se adm ACO, concomitent cu heparina timp de 2-3 zile
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4
Q

Cum se procedeaza la apcientii cu NACO?

A
  • intrerupere cu 1-3 zile
  • nenecesara substituia cu heparina
  • reluare la 24 h postextr
  • la dabigatran (pradaxa) se poate evalua efectul prin APTT, riscul aparand la >=70ms
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5
Q

Cum se procedeaza la hemoragii postextr tardive la pacienti cu ACO, unde nu se identifica cauza locala?

A
  • intrerupere temp a tratamentului anticoag
  • antagonizarea efectului lui cu vit K (fitomenadiona) i.m. de 10-20 mg
  • alternativ- administrare de plasma proaspata/congelata
  • La NACO- nu exista antagonizare eficienta
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6
Q

Indicatiile antiagregantelor

A
  • sdr coronarian acut (IM,angina instabila)
  • profilaxie IMA
  • Angioplastie coronariana percutana/montare stent postIMA
  • bypass airto-coronarian post IMA
  • fibrilatie atriala (daca nu anticoagulate)
  • profilaxie recurentei accidente ischemice tranzitorii
  • tratament curativ HT pulmonara primitiva
  • profilaxia formarii trombilor in circulatia extracorporela(hemodializa)
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7
Q

Cand riscul de complicatie trombo-embolica e ridicat?

A
  • fibrilatie atriala+valvulopatii
  • Insuf cardica congestiva/fractie de ejectie ventricul stang <=35%
  • istoric acc tromboembolice
  • varsta peste 75 ani/istoric cu HTA
  • DZ
  • proteze valvulare mecanice in pozitie mitrala
  • sdr coronarian acut
  • angioplastie coronariana percutana/stent, recent
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8
Q

Cum se procedeaza la risc redus de hemoragie postextr?

A
  • trat cu inhibitori COX1/inhibitori P2Y12 nu trebuie intrerupt
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9
Q

Grade e risc DZ

A
  1. Risc scazut: bun ctrol glicemic, regim stabil, asimpt, fara complicatii, glicemie a jeun 140 mg/dl, HBa1C 4-6,2%
  2. Risc moderat: sub 200 mg/dl, HBa1C 6,2-7%
  3. Risc crescut: episoade hipoglicemie/cetoacidoza, peste 200 mg/dl, HBa1C>7%
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10
Q

Cand se face extractia la DZ?

A
  • glicemie contanta <180 mg/dl
  • la 1/2 interval dintre 2 mese
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11
Q

Complicatii ale extractiilor in leucemia cronica?

A
  • gingivostomatita ulceronecrotica
  • alveolita
  • necroza osoasa
  • osteomielita
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12
Q

Ce efect au tulburarile hepatice, in contextul extractiei?

A
  • perturbare sinteza factori coagulare: protrombina, fibrinogen, sint vit K
  • tulburare sinteza proteica
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13
Q

Exemple de imunosupresoare

A
  • inhibitori IMDH: azotiprina-Imuran, leflunomida-Arava)
  • inhibitori calcineurinei (ciclosporina, tacrolimus)
  • inhibitori mTOR(sirolimus, everolimus)
  • agenti biologici(rituximab)
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14
Q

Exempe de afectiuni imune pt care e nevoie de imunosupresoare

A
  • lupus
  • psoriazis
  • artrita reumatoida
  • scleroza multipla
  • boala Crohn
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15
Q

Indicatii gluco-corticoizi

A
  • af dermatologice(lupus, dermatite, eczeme, psoriazis)
  • af digestive (Crohn, hepatita autoimuna)
  • af hematologice(anemie tromb., sdr mieloprolif)
  • tiroidita autoimuna
  • ast bronsic, BPOC
  • af reumatologice(vasculite, miozite, artrita reumatoida, sdr Sjogren)
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16
Q

Probleme ale terapiei corticoide

A
  1. Pe termen lung (peste 3 luni)- efecte adverse-creste risc infectii
  2. Reducere raspuns la stres (gl suprarenale produc mai putin cortizol)
17
Q

pe ce are influenta chimioterapia?

A
  • pe seria alba
  • pe trombocite
18
Q

Ce afectiuni beneficiaza de terapie antiresorbtiva?

A
  1. mielom multiplu
  2. metastaze osoase
  3. osteoporoza
  4. osteopatii: Paget, osteogeneza imperfecta
19
Q

Timp ½ bifosfonati

A

10 ani

20
Q

Durata embriogeneza

A

de la momentul fecundatiei pana in saptamana 8 de VIU

20
Q

Durata embriogeneza

A

de la momentul fecundatiei pana in saptamana 8 de VIU

21
Q

Risc aparitie malformatii congenitale in sarcina?

A

1-5%

22
Q

De cand apare riscul nasterii premature?

A

din saptamana 28

23
Q

Hemodinamica medicamente in sarcina

A
  • volum mare de distributie al medicamntului
  • scadere conc plasmatica maxima
  • ½ mai scurta
  • crestere solubilitate lipidica si viteza de eliminare
24
Q

Paracetamol(acetaminofenul) in exces la gravida:

A
  • ADHD
  • Autism
  • astm
  • Scadere coeficient inteligenta
25
Q

Antibiotice in sarcina

A
  • peniciline-clasa b-pot fi folosite
  • amoxicilina-ac clavulanic-poate fi folosit(nu exista ef teratogene) dar in lactatie-efecte toxice-convulsii
  • alergie la beta-lactamine→lincomicine(clindamicina)
  • cefalosporine-clasa b→ pot fi utilizate
26
Q

Doza de radiatii unde apar mutatii fat?

A

peste 10 rad

27
Q

Cate radiatii are o retroalveolara?

A

0,01 mrad

1 rad=1000 mrad

28
Q

decubitul dorsal la gravida ce face?

A

compresiunea venei cave inferioare si a aortei de catre uter

pusa neaparat in decubit lateral stang