Contingency Analysis / Reliability Flashcards
What are the 3 criteria that determine a credible contingency?
- plausibility (believability)
- probability (likelihood)
- criticality (consequences)
What is operational planning analysis?
Evaluation of projected system conditions (pre and post contingency). For next day operations.
What inputs are included in both operational planning analysis and real-time assessment? (7)
- Load forecasts
- Generation output
- Interchange
- Protection / RAS status
- Transm & gen outages
- Facility ratings
- Phase angle & equipment limits
Describe 3 main analysis tools: State Estimator
Uses telemetered data to assess system’s current condition
Describe 3 main analysis tools: Contingency Analysis
simulates powerflow for a set of contingencies, calculates voltages & thermal loading post contingency
Describe 3 main analysis tools: Congestion Management
Used by RC to determine interchange contribution to flow gate loading. (in east, it is the IDC)
What are the TOp’s responsibilities as far as Operational Planning Analysis?
- Perform OPA to identify any SOL exceedences for next day
- Develop/initiate operating plan to prevent or mitigate
What are TOP responsibilities as far as Real-Time Assessment?
- Perform RTA at least every 30 min
- Determine SOL exceedences
- Initiate Operating Plan to mitigate
- Inform RC and BA/TOs of operations that could result in an emergency.
- Inform RC of actions taken to return within SOL
- Operate to most limiting parameter where there is a delta in SOLs.
- Must assist other TO’s and BA’s where possible.
TO - what is the time limit for operating outside of IROL and what to do if exceeded?
30 min. Must be reported.
BA responsibilities wrt operational planning analysis for next day?
Develop operating plans for next day to address:
- Expected generation commitment / dispatch
- Interchange scheduling
- Demand patterns
- Capacity / energy reserves
Must monitor SPS in their area as it relates to the above.
TOP and BA responsibilities wrt Operating Instructions / Reliability.
Both must maintain reliability of their area through own actions or issuing operating instructions.
BA/GOP/DP must comply with a TO op instruction and notify TO if it can’t comply.
Each GOP / DP must comply with a BA op instruction and notify BA if it can’t comply.
BA’s and TOP’s must notify RC & impacted entities of any unplanned outages of ____ min or more for the following data exchanges:
30 min.
- telemetering / control equip.
- monitoring / assessment capability
- communication channels between affected entities
BA’s and TOP’s must have their operators able to approve planned outages and maintenance for:
- telemetering / control equip.
- monitoring / assessment capability
- communication channels between affected entities
RTCA Step 1: Network Model
Snapshot of current state of the system
- updated on any status that’s changed since last run.
State Estimator is used
Results: solved or invalid
RTCA Step 2: Specific Triggers
Pre-scheduled Default: runs every 2, 3, 5, or 30 min (no more than 30).
Also can be triggered by:
- status changes
- relay operations / faults
- switching in neigboring area
- operator request on demand
