consonants chapter Flashcards

1
Q

how are consonants produced?

A

usually by the coming together of two articulators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where is the sound source for consonants produced?

A

not always at the vocal folds: resonant or obstruent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

are consonants longer or shorter in duration?

A

shorter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

consonants are classified according to _____ in relation to a vowel

A

position

  • prevocalic
  • postvocalic
  • intervocalic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the manners?

A
stop
affricates
fricative
nasal
liquids
glide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the placements?

A
bilabial
labiodental
linguadental
lingua-alveolar
lingua-palatal
velar 
glottal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 3 dimensions of consonants?

A

voice
place of articulation
manner of articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the phonemic features of english

A

place
manner
voicing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

changing ____ of the phonemic features of english will produce a different phoneme

A

one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

whether or not the vocal folds are vibrating

A

voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where a sound is formed

A

place of articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how it is formed

A

manner of articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pairs of sounds that have the same place and manner of articulation but differ by voicing

A

cognates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

two phonemes that have the same manner of articulation

A

homotypic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is the consonant formed

A

manner of articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

complete closure of the vocal tract

A

stops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pressure builds up and when released it creates a ________________

A

stop burst, stop plosive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how many stops are there?

A
6
/p/ 
/b/
/t/
/d/
/k/
/g/
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

narrow constriction of the airway, causes air to escape with continuous noise

A

fricatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how many fricatives are there?

A
9
/f/
/v/
/th/
/s/
/z/
/sh/
/3/
/h/
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

combination of stop and fricative; pressure builds up and is then released; only in the palatal area

A

affricates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how many affricates are there?

A

2
/tf/
/d3/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

complete oral closure and open velopharynx so that voicing energy travels out through the nose

A

nasal

24
Q

how many nasals are there

A

3
/n/
/m/
/ng/

25
Q

what closes off the oral cavity for nasals?

A

the tongue

26
Q

vowel-like consonants
- sound energy is somewhat more constricted than for vowels. The shape and location of the constriction is a critical defining property

A

liquids

27
Q

liquid midline closure of articulators and lateral opening for sound to escape

A

lateral

28
Q

what are the liquid sounds

A

l and r

29
Q

tongue tip is curled back and tongue is bunched in palatal area, sound passes through opening between tongue and palate

A

rhotic

30
Q
  • vowel-like consonants sound is more constricted than for vowels but less than liquids
  • have a gliding motion
A

glides

31
Q

how many glides are there

A

/j/

/w/

32
Q

two phonemes that have same place of articulation

A

homorganic

33
Q

use both lips

lip closure and lip rounding (protrusion)

A

bilabials

34
Q

what are the bilabials

A

/b/
/p/
/m/
/w/

35
Q

constriction of lower lip and upper teeth

both are fricatives

A

labiodentals

36
Q

what are the labiodentals

A

/f/

/v/

37
Q
  • tongue tip protrudes between the front teeth

- both fricatives

A

interdentals

38
Q

what are the interdentals

A

/θ/

/ð/

39
Q

what are the 4 types of alveolars

A

lingue-alveolar stops, fricatives, lateral, and nasal

40
Q

tongue contact with alveolar ridge

A

lingua-alveolar stops
/d/
/t/

41
Q

groove in the blade of the tongue right behind the alveolar ridge

A

lingua-alveolar fricatives
/s/
/z/

42
Q

tongue tip contact with alveolar ridge

A

lingua-alveolar lateral

/l/

43
Q

tongue tip contact with alveolar ridge with sound resonance in nasal cavity

A

lingua-alveolar nasal

/n/

44
Q

what are the 4 types of palatals

A

lingua-palatal fricatives, affricates, and glide

palatal rhotic

45
Q

tip and blade of tongue elevated toward the palate

A

lingua-palatal fricatives

/sh/
/3/

46
Q

sound is stopped then the top and blade are elevated toward the palate

A

lingua-palatal affricates
/tf/
/d3/

47
Q

tongue tip can be turned back (retroflex) or tongue blade can be bunched

A

palatal rhotic

/r/

48
Q

tongue constriction in the palatal area moves to the position of the following vowel

A

lingua-palatal glide

/j/

49
Q

dorsum of tongue contacts roof of mouth stopping airflow

A

velar stops
/g/
/k/

50
Q

same as velar stops but velopharynx is open to allow airflow to nasal cavity

A

velar nasal

/ng/

51
Q

rounding of lips and arching of tongue near the velum

A

labio-velar glides

/w/

52
Q

airway constriction at the vocal folds

A

glottal fricative

/h/

53
Q

brief closure of the vocal folds; not a phoneme (most often occurs as an allophonic variation of /t/ and /d/)

A

glottal stops

/?/

54
Q

vowels before /ng/ sound have special conventions

A

ing- /Ing/

ang- /aeng/

55
Q

if a velar consonant /k,g/ is preceded by a nasal the nasal is usually transcribed with /ng/ not a /n/

the exception is compound or hyphenated words

A

pink- /pingk/

tango- /taengou/