chapter 4 quiz Flashcards
which of the following english vowels is most likely to include lip rounding?
/e/
/u/
/i/
/ae/
/u/
tenseness or laxness of a vowel refers to the _____
- relative degree of muscle activity involved in producing the vowel
- duration of the vowel
the choice to transcribe a vowel as either /e^/ or /3^/ is mostly dependent upon:
whether or not the syllable is stressed
which of the following is a non-phonemic diphthong? /aI/ /ae/ /ou/ /cI/
/ou/
except in the context of nasal consonants the velopharynx is normally ____ during production of vowesl
closed
which of the following minimal word pairs illustrates the contrast between front and back vowels?
foot-fought
hit-hat
shirt-shot
weed-wood
weed-wood
whenever rate of speech increases or stress on a syllable decreases there is a tendency for vowels to be
reduced
which of the following would be the highest vowel?
/o/
/i/
/e^/
/ae/
/i/
the region of greatest constriction in the mouth for back vowels is
the velum
which of the following classes of vowels occur more frequently in english?
front vowels
when vowels are produced next to nasal consonants they are often
nasalized
which of the following sets contains only back vowels
/u,a,-u-, backward c/
the energy source for vowels is modified or filtered by the vocal tract. this is the basis for
source-filtered theory
on a spectrogram, the amount of energy present is indicated by
the relative darkness of the formants
each vowel shape or configuration creates a somewhat unique set of frequencies where the vocal tracts will resonate best. These frequencies are referred to as
formants
most of the worlds language include the vowels /i,a,u/
true
modifying /au/ to /a/ is an example of diphthongization
false
in vowel reduction, the vowel is changed to /i/
false
vowels are not always produced with voicing
true
all english front vowels are unrounded
true
the jaw is never involved in changing tongue height
false
relative front to back position for vowels is termed tongue advancement
true
languages tend to use front and back vowels less often than central vowels
false
the onglide in /au/ is /-u-/
false
another name for single vowel is a monophthong
true
rounding of the lips shortens the vocal tract
false
tongue height doesnt vary much among the central vowels of english
true
its safe to assume that the energy source for all vowels is the same
true
three formants are usually sufficient to distinguish among vowels on a spectrogram
true
the format frequencies of men are higher than those of women and children
false
in learning a second language the easiest vowels to learn would likely be
vowels that are quite different from those in the first language
whenever rate of speech increases or stress on a syllable decreases there is a tendency for vowels to be
reduced
the ending position of a diphthong is sometimes called the
offglide
which of the following minimal word pairs illustrate the contrast between tense and lax vowels?
leak–lick
lick–look
leak–lake
lick–luck
leak–lick
