chapter 3 - in class notes Flashcards
the human vocal tract converts ____ energy to ____ energy
muscular; acoustic
speech production requires coordination of over
100 muscles
what is the function of the respiratory system
a pump to provide movement of air
air drawn in and muscles contract
inspiration phase
ingressive speech sounds
chest muscles release the air
expiration phase
egressive speech sounds
interactions of the respiratory system
language, continuous speech, breath groups, syntactic units
what is the function is the function of the laryngeal system?
phonation
VF are open (abducted) so air can move in and out of the lungs
breathing
- VFs are closed (adducted)
- air pushes up from lungs
- VF vibrates
- causes air burst through mouth or nose
voicing
fundamental frequency (Fo) or Hertz =
pitch
VF thick and long ~ 125 hz
men
VF thin and short ~ 250 hz
women
what are the interactions of the laryngeal system
- respiration
- respiration x language
sentence type, emphasis, emotion
intonation
muscles of the head and neck move the
velum, jaw, tongue, and lips
most english sounds are formed by modifying the
pharyngeal, oral and nasal cavities
- nasal cavity
- lips
- tongue
- jaw
- oral cavity
- pharyngeal
supralaryngeal system
- hyoid bone
- epiglottis
- trachea
- vocal folds
laryngeal system
- trachea
- lungs
- ribs
- diaphragm
- abdominal muscles
respiratory system
what determine the direction sound travels
velum
what are the articulators in the supralaryngeal system?
velopharynx, velum, jaw, lips, tongue
if the velum is raised the nasal cavity is _____
closed
how many patterns of closure are there?
3
purse string
just velum
normal velum
bulge in pharyngeal wall
abnormal velum (cleft palate)
lowered velum means that the nasal cavity is ______
open
what are the oral articulators
tongue and lips
makes contact with the palate at various points
dorsum
constricts cavity for vowels and small # of consonants
blade
forms the front wall of the pharynx. important for shaping speech sounds
root
reference for vowel locations
body
protrudes between teeth, 50% of consonant contact
tip
