chapter 3 - in class notes

Question 1

the human vocal tract converts ____ energy to ____ energy

Answer 1

muscular; acoustic

Question 2

speech production requires coordination of over

Answer 2

100 muscles

Question 3

what is the function of the respiratory system

Answer 3

a pump to provide movement of air

Question 4

air drawn in and muscles contract

Answer 4

inspiration phase

ingressive speech sounds

Question 5

chest muscles release the air

Answer 5

expiration phase

egressive speech sounds

Question 6

interactions of the respiratory system

Answer 6

language, continuous speech, breath groups, syntactic units

Question 7

what is the function is the function of the laryngeal system?

Answer 7

phonation

Question 8

VF are open (abducted) so air can move in and out of the lungs

Answer 8

breathing

Question 9

• VFs are closed (adducted)
• air pushes up from lungs
• VF vibrates
• causes air burst through mouth or nose

Answer 9

voicing

Question 10

fundamental frequency (Fo) or Hertz =

Answer 10

pitch

Question 11

VF thick and long ~ 125 hz

Answer 11

men

Question 12

VF thin and short ~ 250 hz

Answer 12

women

Question 13

what are the interactions of the laryngeal system

Answer 13

• respiration

- respiration x language

Question 14

sentence type, emphasis, emotion

Answer 14

intonation

Question 15

muscles of the head and neck move the

Answer 15

velum, jaw, tongue, and lips

Question 16

most english sounds are formed by modifying the

Answer 16

pharyngeal, oral and nasal cavities

Question 17

• nasal cavity
• lips
• tongue
• jaw
• oral cavity
• pharyngeal

Answer 17

supralaryngeal system

Question 18

• hyoid bone
• epiglottis
• trachea
• vocal folds

Answer 18

laryngeal system

Question 19

• trachea
• lungs
• ribs
• diaphragm
• abdominal muscles

Answer 19

respiratory system

Question 20

what determine the direction sound travels

Answer 20

velum

Question 21

what are the articulators in the supralaryngeal system?

Answer 21

velopharynx, velum, jaw, lips, tongue

Question 22

if the velum is raised the nasal cavity is _____

Answer 22

closed

Question 23

how many patterns of closure are there?

Answer 23

3

Question 24

purse string

just velum

Answer 24

normal velum

Question 25

bulge in pharyngeal wall

Answer 25

abnormal velum (cleft palate)

Question 26

lowered velum means that the nasal cavity is ______

Answer 26

open

Question 27

what are the oral articulators

Answer 27

tongue and lips

Question 28

makes contact with the palate at various points

Answer 28

dorsum

Question 29

constricts cavity for vowels and small # of consonants

Answer 29

blade

Question 30

forms the front wall of the pharynx. important for shaping speech sounds

Answer 30

root

Question 31

reference for vowel locations

Answer 31

body

Question 32

protrudes between teeth, 50% of consonant contact

Answer 32

tip