Chapter 2: Flashcards
pattern of the movements of the speech organs and a pattern of acoustic vibrations
speech
a group of people who live within the same geographical boundaries and use the same language
speech community
different usage patterns within a language that are usually regional
dialects
each person has a unique form of spoken language
idiolect
smallest unit of language that carries a semantic interpretation
morpheme
list of morphemes in a language
lexicon
individual morphemes can be ______
stems, endings for plurals and verb tenses, and other prefixes or suffixes
ex: cat = 1 morpheme, cat + s = 2 morphemes
words make up the ____
dictionary of the language
morphemes make up the _____
lexicon of the language
a written record of the morphemic content of an utterance
morphemic transcription
a basic sound segment that has the linguistic function of distinguishing morphemes
phoneme
ex: p and b —-> cuB and cuP
IPA
- 107 symbols
- 31 dialects
- 19 signs
study of sound systems of language and the study of structure and function
phonology
how sounds are formed
articulatory phonetics
acoustic properties of sounds
acoustic phonetics
a phonetic variant of a phoneme, that is, as one of the members of the phoneme family
allophone
two ______ of the same phoneme never contrast to produce two different morphemes
allophone
they can be exchanged for one another in a given phonetic context
free variant
they are not normally exchanged for one another in a certain phonetic context
complementary distribution
used to represent allophones or phonetic variants of phonemes are placed in brackets
phonetic symbols
individual morphemelike shapes encountered in a language sample
morphs
ex: /o/ in drunkometer
any particular occurrence of a sound segment of speech
phone
set of letters used for the writing of a language
alphabet
different letters or combination of letters that represent the same phoneme
allographs
initial, medial, and final
are used to denote sound locations at the beginning, middle or end of a word
beginning sound of a syllable ___
releases
ending sound of a syllable ____
arresting
a sound occurs before a given vowel (usually a consonant)
prevocalic
a sound occurs after a given vowel
postvocalic
sounds occur together as a pair, two adjacent sounds are the same
geminate
does not end in a consonant
open syllable
does end in a consonant
closed syllable
a phonetic writing system that uses symbols to represent syllables rather than individual sounds
syllabary
