Chapter 2:

Question 1

pattern of the movements of the speech organs and a pattern of acoustic vibrations

Answer 1

speech

Question 2

a group of people who live within the same geographical boundaries and use the same language

Answer 2

speech community

Question 3

different usage patterns within a language that are usually regional

Answer 3

dialects

Question 4

each person has a unique form of spoken language

Answer 4

idiolect

Question 5

smallest unit of language that carries a semantic interpretation

Answer 5

morpheme

Question 6

list of morphemes in a language

Answer 6

lexicon

Question 7

individual morphemes can be ______

Answer 7

stems, endings for plurals and verb tenses, and other prefixes or suffixes

ex: cat = 1 morpheme, cat + s = 2 morphemes

Question 8

words make up the ____

Answer 8

dictionary of the language

Question 9

morphemes make up the _____

Answer 9

lexicon of the language

Question 10

a written record of the morphemic content of an utterance

Answer 10

morphemic transcription

Question 11

a basic sound segment that has the linguistic function of distinguishing morphemes

Answer 11

phoneme

ex: p and b —-> cuB and cuP

Question 12

IPA

Answer 12

• 107 symbols
• 31 dialects
• 19 signs

Question 13

study of sound systems of language and the study of structure and function

Answer 13

phonology

Question 14

how sounds are formed

Answer 14

articulatory phonetics

Question 15

acoustic properties of sounds

Answer 15

acoustic phonetics

Question 16

a phonetic variant of a phoneme, that is, as one of the members of the phoneme family

Answer 16

allophone

Question 17

two ______ of the same phoneme never contrast to produce two different morphemes

Answer 17

allophone

Question 18

they can be exchanged for one another in a given phonetic context

Answer 18

free variant

Question 19

they are not normally exchanged for one another in a certain phonetic context

Answer 19

complementary distribution

Question 20

used to represent allophones or phonetic variants of phonemes are placed in brackets

Answer 20

phonetic symbols

Question 21

individual morphemelike shapes encountered in a language sample

Answer 21

morphs

ex: /o/ in drunkometer

Question 22

any particular occurrence of a sound segment of speech

Answer 22

phone

Question 23

set of letters used for the writing of a language

Answer 23

alphabet

Question 24

different letters or combination of letters that represent the same phoneme

Answer 24

allographs

Question 25

initial, medial, and final

Answer 25

are used to denote sound locations at the beginning, middle or end of a word

Question 26

beginning sound of a syllable ___

Answer 26

releases

Question 27

ending sound of a syllable ____

Answer 27

arresting

Question 28

a sound occurs before a given vowel (usually a consonant)

Answer 28

prevocalic

Question 29

a sound occurs after a given vowel

Answer 29

postvocalic

Question 30

sounds occur together as a pair, two adjacent sounds are the same

Answer 30

geminate

Question 31

does not end in a consonant

Answer 31

open syllable

Question 32

does end in a consonant

Answer 32

closed syllable

Question 33

a phonetic writing system that uses symbols to represent syllables rather than individual sounds

Answer 33

syllabary