Congenital Flashcards

1
Q

3 Neural Tube Derivisions

A

Neural crest cells - PNS
Neural tube wall - CNS
Neural tube lumen - ventricles and spinal cord canal

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2
Q

Neural Tube Defects (association and detection)

A

Low folate levels especially PRIOR to conception

Measure with elevated AFP

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3
Q

NTD Cranial

A

Anencephaly - absence of skull and brain leading to frog-like appearance and polyhydramnios

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4
Q

NTD Caudal

A

Spina bifida, can result in meningocele (protrusion of meninges) or meningomyelocele (meninges and spinal cord)

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5
Q

CSF Drainage Pathway

A

Lateral ventricles to 3rd via Interventricular Foramen of Monroe
3rd to 4th via cerebral aqueduct
4th to subarachnoid space via Foramina of Magendie and Luschka

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6
Q

Cerebral Aqueduct Stenosis

A

Most common cause of hydrocephalus in newborns, get buildup of CSF in ventricles

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7
Q

Dandy-Walker Malformation

A

Failure of cerebellar vermis to develop, presents as massively dilated 4th ventricle (posterior fossa) with ABSENT cerebellum, often with hydrocephalus

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8
Q

Arnold-Chiari (II) Malformation

A

Extension of cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum, obstructing CSF, can can occur in association with meningomyelocele (lumbosacral or thoracolumbar) and syringomyelia

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