Congenital Flashcards
3 Neural Tube Derivisions
Neural crest cells - PNS
Neural tube wall - CNS
Neural tube lumen - ventricles and spinal cord canal
Neural Tube Defects (association and detection)
Low folate levels especially PRIOR to conception
Measure with elevated AFP
NTD Cranial
Anencephaly - absence of skull and brain leading to frog-like appearance and polyhydramnios
NTD Caudal
Spina bifida, can result in meningocele (protrusion of meninges) or meningomyelocele (meninges and spinal cord)
CSF Drainage Pathway
Lateral ventricles to 3rd via Interventricular Foramen of Monroe
3rd to 4th via cerebral aqueduct
4th to subarachnoid space via Foramina of Magendie and Luschka
Cerebral Aqueduct Stenosis
Most common cause of hydrocephalus in newborns, get buildup of CSF in ventricles
Dandy-Walker Malformation
Failure of cerebellar vermis to develop, presents as massively dilated 4th ventricle (posterior fossa) with ABSENT cerebellum, often with hydrocephalus
Arnold-Chiari (II) Malformation
Extension of cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum, obstructing CSF, can can occur in association with meningomyelocele (lumbosacral or thoracolumbar) and syringomyelia