Concepts 7.1-7.3 (Physiology) Flashcards
What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and anaerobic respiration requires no oxygen (or very little)
Which type of respiration releases more ATP molecules?
Aerobic
What are the 3 stages of aerobic respiration?
glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, oxidative phosphorylation
What are the 2 main processes in anaerobic respiration?
glycolysis and fermentation
How does diffusion of respiratory gasses work?
High to low concentration
What does a large SA:V ratio do?
Speed up the rate of exchange
What do very thin exchange surfaces do?
Keep the diffusion pathways short
What does a partially permeable membrane do?
Allow selected materials to diffuse easily
What does the movement of external medium (e.g. air) do?
Maintains a diffusion gradient
What does the movement of an internal medium (e.g. blood) do?
Maintain a diffusion gradient
Where does gas exchange primarily occur in plants?
The stomata
How do different plants types regulate gas exchange
Different shapes of stomata and presence of guard cells
How does O2 and CO2 diffuse rapidly through plants?
Intercellular air spaces, which drive pressure gradients
How do fungi undertaken respiration?
Diffusion across their cell and body walls via mycelium
- Also switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
How do animals in aquatic environments with thin tissues avoid specialise structure for gas exchange?
Oxygen diffusion across their body wall
