Concepts 5.1-5.3 (Evolution)

Question 1

What are the two type of sexual selection?

Answer 1

Intersexual selection (mate choice)
Intrasexual selection (male-male competition)

Question 2

What are ornaments?

Answer 2

Exaggerated traits used to attract a mate

Question 3

Why are ornaments signals of mate quality?

Answer 3

They are costly to bear, so indicate expected fitness of mate

Question 4

What are armaments?

Answer 4

Weapon traits often used in male-male competition

Question 5

What are the types of sexual selection after mating?

Answer 5

• Cryptic female choice
• Sperm competition

Question 6

What is sexual conflict

Answer 6

When males and females have conflicts of interests over:
- Whether mating occurs
- Female mating frequency
- Sperm use for fertilisation
Results in counter adaptations to manipulate the other sex

Question 7

What is co-evolution?

Answer 7

Each species exerts a selective pressure on the other, which lead to a continuous cycle of adaptations and counter-adaptations

Question 8

What is the ‘Red Queen Hypothesis’?

Answer 8

Species must keep adapting and evolving in order to survive while pitted against ever-evolving opposing species

Question 9

What are the two kinds of interactions involved in co-evolution?

Answer 9

Antagonistic and mutualistic

Question 10

What is sexual dimorphism?

Answer 10

Distinct difference in size or appearance between the sexes of an animal in addition to the sexual organs themselves.