Concepts 16.1-16.3 Flashcards
Name 2 strategies predators use to obtain food
- Active pursuit
- Stealthy ambusher
What are some strategies prey species use to avoid predation?
- Avoiding detection
- Chemical defences
- Warning signals
- Mimicry systems
- Behavioural mechanisms
What is a niche of a species?
The physical and biological conditions required for growth, reproduction and survival
What is a fundamental niche defined by?
A species’ physiological capabilities
What is a realized niche defined by?
Its interactions with other species
What is interference competition?
When one species directly interferes with or excludes another species’ access to a limiting resource
What is exploitation competition?
When a limiting resource is available to all competitors, but the outcome of the interaction depends on the relative efficiency with which each species uses the resource.
What is dispersal?
Movement from one breeding location to another
What is natal dispersal?
From place to birth to place of first breeding
What is breeding dispersal?
Change of place of breeding
What is dispersal often influenced by?
- Age (prior to breeding)
- Sex (male or female bias)
What are some modes of dispersal in animals?
- Active: fly, walk, swim
- Passive: currents, floods, attached to animals
What are some modes of dispersal in plants?
Gravity, wind, water, animals, vehicles
What id the difference between dispersal and migration?
Dispersal is spreading of individuals away from others
Migration is large-scale movement of members of species to diff environment
How does dispersal influence population dynamics?
- Invasive species
- Dynamics of metapopulations (extinction, colonisation)
