Compare/contrast translation and transcription

Question 1

Similarities between translation and transcription

Answer 1

They both involve reading nitrogenous bases.
Happens in all cells (prokaryotes and eukaryotes)
Both needed to make proteins
Both involve mRNA
mRNA code made up of uracil, adenine, guanine and cytosine

Question 2

differences between transcription

Answer 2

When mRNA is copied from DNA template
Happens in nucleus of eukaryotes and in the cell membrane of prokaryotes
DNA gets transcribed into mRNA = pre-mRNA
5’cap and poly A tail added to pre-mRNA (eukaryotes)
Introns get cut out by spliceosome and exons get put together to become mRNA (eukaryotes only)

Question 3

differences between translation

Answer 3

is when RNA makes proteins
Happens at the ribosomes (free-floating or bound to Endoplasmic reticulum)
tRNA delivers the amino acid to the ribosome to make protein
mRNA has a start codon to tell where to start making a protein and a stop codon to see when to stop making protein