Comp. halogenati Flashcards

1
Q

def

A

comp org care au un atom de halogen legat de un rad org
R-X
formal prov de la o hidrocarb prin inloc H2
deriv halog - halog se laeaga prin covalenta directa de C

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2
Q

nomenclatura

A

numele hidrocarb + pref - nr si nat halogen
>=3 - izomer de poz - indica poz halogen in catena
polihalogenati - geminal, vicinal
halogenura a radicalului - clorura de metil

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3
Q

obtinere

A

subst - alcan, izoalcan, arene cat lat, arene catalitic FeCl3
aditie - alchene, alchine - halogen/ acid halogen
arene fotochim

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4
Q

prop fiz

A

toate starile de agregare, dar maj lichizi
insolubili in apa
solubili in dif solventi - hidrocarb, eteri, alcooli
densitate mai mare ca a hidrocarb si uneori mai mare ca unitatea

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5
Q

prop chim

A

halogen - puternic electroneg
leg cov C-halogen - put polarizata dat atractiei halogenului asupra dubletului electronic de leg - sarcini electrice partiale - comp reactivi cu subst halog

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6
Q

react de hidroliza

A

monohal - alcooli - mediu bazic/NaOH
dihalog gem - comp carbonilici + 2NaOH
trihalog gem - acizi org + 3NaOH

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7
Q

react cu cianuri alcaline K/ Na CN

A

de Na/ K - nitrili
marire de catena - noi leg C-C
nitrilii - hidrogenrea/ hidroliza - amine R-CH2-NH2/ amida R-CO-NH2

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8
Q

react cu Mg

A

in mediu de eter anhidru - comp organomagnezieni - leg cov C-Mg
R-MgX
maj deriv halog sunt la fel de reactivi indif de nat lor
comp organomagnezienei - reactivi Grignard - intermediari val in sint org

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9
Q

react cu NH3

A

comp alifatici react la pres rez amine si hidracid

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10
Q

react friderl - crafts

A

alchilare a arenelor - comp alifatici react in prez de AlCl3 anhidru rez arene cu cat lat

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11
Q

react de elim a hidracizilor

A

cu baze tari in mediu alcoolic, se elim hidracidul si rez alchena
met de preparare a alchenelor

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12
Q

importanta comp halogenati

A

CH3Cl - clorura de metil, agent frigorific, la fel si CCl2F2 - freon 12/ frigen/ diclorodifluoroetan
CHCl3 - triclorometan/ cloroform - anastezic, la fel si clorura de etil C2H5Cl
CH2=CHCl, clorura de vinil - policlorura de vinil
tetrafluoroetena CF2=CF2 - teflon
C6H5-Cl - intermediar in sinteza colorantilor
hexacluorociclohexanul si DDT - insecticid
CCl4 - tetraclorura de C - lichid necombustibil fol ca solvent sau in extinctoare

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