Comp exam preparation 1 Human Development

Question 1

Who coined the term ‘attachment’?

• Piaget
• Skinner
• Ainsworth
• Harlow
• Bowlby

Answer 1

Bowlby

Question 2

Bobby takes two equal sized cups that are each full of water and pours one cup into a tall thin glass and one cup into a short wide glass. His ways of thinking inform him that taller means more, but also that water does not change just because it is poured from one container to another. If he discarded his conservationist logic and concluded that there was more water in the taller glass, his thinking would have been considered ________ according to Piaget.

• formal operational
• sensorimotor
• pre-operational
• concrete operational

Answer 2

pre-operational

Question 3

If Bobby in question 2 had maintained his belief that the water remains the same despite a change in the physical appearance caused by the different glasses, he would have been exercising the operation known as______.

• Conservation
• Seriation
• Accommodation
• Association

Answer 3

Conservation

Question 4

Which of the following tasks describes a child’s intellectual accomplishment during Piaget’s concrete operational stage of development

• Developing symbolic processes (e.g., language)
• Think logically and form hypotheses
• Relate via senses and actions; taste and touch
• Apply operations to the manipulation of objects

Answer 4

Apply operations to the manipulation of objects

Question 5

Bandura lists four sources of self-efficacy. The source of self-efficacy that stresses the importance of there being a similarity between the person and a model is ________.

• social persuasion
• vicarious learning
• positive reinforcement
• mastery learning

Answer 5

vicarious learning

Question 6

According to Bandura, all of the following are characteristics of a student with high self-efficacy EXCEPT______.

• Fosters intrinsic interest and deep engrossment in activities
• Dwells on personal deficiencies and obstacles
• Recovers sense of self-efficacy after failures or setbacks
• Approaches difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered rather than threats to be avoided.

Answer 6

Dwells on personal deficiencies and obstacles

Question 7

A teacher practices a fire drill with a class many times so that when a fire alarm rings they will know what to do immediately. In behavioral learning theory this is an example of ___________?

• Operant conditioning
• Classical conditioning
• Negative reinforcement
• Extinction

Answer 7

Classical conditioning

Question 8

When shaping is used in teaching a new skill, it is important to:

• Reinforce successive approximations to the target behavior
• Reinforce positively rather than negatively
• Hold back reinforcements until students have mastered the skill
• Reinforce every response in order to encourage students to keep trying

Answer 8

Reinforce successive approximations to the target behavior

Question 9

When a student failed to do a homework task, she had five points deducted. The student is trying to accumulate enough points to be allowed to watch a movie. This is an example of a teacher utilizing

• a token economy
• positive reinforcement
• shaping
• response cost

Answer 9

a token economy

Question 10

Students in one class prefer doing art to doing math. The teacher says that they will start the art lesson as soon as everyone has finished the math problems. This is an example of using

• generalization
• cueing and prompting
• a conditioned stimulus
• the Premack principle

Answer 10

the Premack principle

Question 11

According to Piaget, children’s thinking develops as a function of

• audible private speech
• reinforcement
• maturation
• concrete operations

Answer 11

maturation

Question 12

Lawrence Kohlberg is known for his development of the stages of _______ development.

• moral
• intellectual
• psychosocial
• relational

Answer 12

moral

Question 13

_________ criticized Kohlberg because his theory left out aspects of women’s experience

• Karen Horney
• Laura Perls
• Valerie Walkerdine
• Carol Gilligan

Answer 13

Carol Gilligan

Question 14

B.F. Skinner is best known for his ________ procedures.

• classical conditioning
• operant reinforcement
• psychological testing
• zone of proximal development

Answer 14

operant reinforcement

Question 15

In Erikson’s theory of the eight stages of human development, at what stage would people most likely encounter the psychological crisis of identity versus role confusion?

• adolescence
• young adult
• elementary
• pre-school

Answer 15

adolescence

Question 16

In Erikson’s theory of development the major psychological challenges of later adulthood are around

• Generativity vs stagnation
• Intimacy vs isolation
• Industry vs inferiority
• Ego integrity vs despair

Answer 16

Ego integrity vs despair

Question 17

Who is known for the development of the idea of the mid-life crisis?

• Piaget
• Levinson
• Freud
• Kohlberg

Answer 17

Levinson

Question 18

In social learning theory, learners are more likely to imitate the actions of others when

• the model is reinforced for their actions
• the models are seen as similar to oneself
• the models are more powerful and prestigious
• all of the above

Answer 18

all of the above

Question 19

According to Vygotsky, we can expect new developments in a child’s thinking to take place

• on the individual level before it occurs on the social level
• on the social level before it occurs on the individual level
• in the child’s internal thinking before it enters the zone of proximal development
• in a linear sequence of stages

Answer 19

on the social level before it occurs on the individual level

Question 20

Gilligan suggests that

• Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is biased in favor of females
• women are morally challenged
• the highest stage of moral development involves decisions based on universal principles of justice
• In moral development people move from self-interest towards care for others

Answer 20

In moral development people move from self-interest towards care for others