Comp exam Prep 2 Human development Flashcards
In Erickson’s 8 stage theory of development, the 8th stage “integrity vs despair” presents the challenge of accepting the finality of life. Such acceptance is achieved by the person who ____
- can distinguish between the various roles he or she has played
- has reached a postconventional level of moral development
- is economically independent
- has met all the challenges of all the previous stages
has met all the challenges of all the previous stages
For C.G. Jung, the concept of “individuation” means
- leaving home and establishing your own place to live
- becoming a unique individual at any stage of life
- parents treating each child differently
- following your life script
becoming a unique individual at any stage of life
Individuals should make decisions that are consistent with their personal beliefs and principles. This statement fits with which of the following of Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?
- Egotistic orientation
- Respect for authority
- legalistic orientation
- conscience orientation
conscience orientation
Kohlberg’s theory includes 3 progressive levels culminating in
- self-actualization
- principled thought
- androgyny
- freedom from moral dilemmas
principled thought
A counselor determines fees for monthly consultation services on a job-by job basis. This is an example of which of the following types of reinforcement schedules.
- fixed ratio
- variable ratio
- fixed interval
- variable interval
variable ratio
Competitiveness between children in the same family is known as _________
- Oedipal conflict
- the Electra complex
- individuation
- sibling rivalry
sibling rivalry
Counseling is based on the idea of healthy human growth occurring naturally. The role of the counselor is to
- remove barriers to naturally occurring development
- remove negative influences in a client’s life
- learn about appropriate values and behaviors on the client’s behalf
- influence the client towards healthy behavior
remove barriers to naturally occurring development
Lewin suggests that healthy development moves towards all of the following EXCEPT
- more complex personality structure
- greater self differentiation
- simpler cognitive complexity
- expanded time perception
simpler cognitive complexity
Which is considered to be the most stressful for clients?
- beginning a new school
- going on vacation
- changing residence
- death of a spouse
death of a spouse
Within the context of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, ________ needs supersede all others
- safety
- esteem
- belongingness
- physiological
physiological
Adler focused most on
- psychological weaknesses
- social urges
- psychosexual urges
- cognitive structures
social urges
The stage of life in which adults often question their existing lifestyle and attempt to make changes is called the ________ transition.
- early adult
- midlife
- settling down
- retirement
midlife
Some counselors follow a moral development theory that is specifically geared towards females, which was developed by
- Gilligan
- Piaget
- Kohlberg
- Moss
Gilligan
Piaget was primarily concerned with
- social development
- moral development
- physical development
- cognitive development
cognitive development
In the ‘synergistic stage’ of racial identity development, the person who is a member of a racial minority group
- adopts the worldview of the dominant culture
- has previously held beliefs disconfirmed
- fully understands the heritage of the minority group
- adopts a pluralistic worldview
adopts a pluralistic worldview
In social learning theory, the client’s imitative behaviors of a model person are more likely to occur when the client
- identifies closely with the model
- sees themselves as different from the model
- is above average in intelligence
- is high in self-esteem
identifies closely with the model
Inappropriate stereotypes of older persons include which of the following?
- They are the fastest growing segment of society
- they mostly live in nursing homes
- most of them are resource-poor
- many experience problems associated with polypharmacy
they mostly live in nursing homes
In Loevinger’s Impulsive Stage of ego development, the child separates from parents by an exercise of will. A primary characteristic of this stage is
- the child is cooperative but independent
- the child lacks impulse control
- the child is unconcerned with sexuality
- the child follows parental rules closely
the child lacks impulse control
An insurance company wants to know if a client has a phobia or an anxiety reaction. The distinction between the two is
- that age at which the symptoms started
- how easily the symptoms were eliminated
- how specific the source of the fear was
- how frequently the symptoms are experienced
how specific the source of the fear was
A basic principle of human development is that a person’s functioning
- develops through interactions among human organism subsystems
- develops separately in terms of emotion and cognition
- moves towards more concrete perspectives on the world
- is completely developed by age 30
develops through interactions among human organism subsystems
