Comp exam preparation 1 Human Development Flashcards
Gilligan suggests that
- Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is biased in favor of females
- women are morally challenged
- the highest stage of moral development involves decisions based on universal principles of justice
- In moral development, people move from self-interest towards care for others
In moral development people move from self-interest towards care for others
According to Vygotsky, we can expect new developments in a child’s thinking to take place
- on the individual level before it occurs on the social level
- on the social level before it occurs on the individual level
- in the child’s internal thinking before it enters the zone of proximal development
- in a linear sequence of stages
on the social level before it occurs on the individual level
In social learning theory, learners are more likely to imitate the actions of others when
- the model is reinforced for their actions
- the models are seen as similar to oneself
- the models are more powerful and prestigious
- all of the above
all of the above
Who is known for the development of the idea of the mid-life crisis?
- Piaget
- Levinson
- Freud
- Kohlberg
Levinson
In Erikson’s theory of development, the major psychological challenges of later adulthood are around
- Generativity vs stagnation
- Intimacy vs isolation
- Industry vs inferiority
- Ego integrity vs despair
Ego integrity vs despair
In Erikson’s theory of the eight stages of human development, at what stage would people most likely encounter the psychological crisis of identity versus role confusion?
- adolescence
- young adult
- elementary
- pre-school
adolescence
B.F. Skinner is best known for his ________ procedures.
- classical conditioning
- operant reinforcement
- psychological testing
- zone of proximal development
operant reinforcement
_________ criticized Kohlberg because his theory left out aspects of women’s experience.
- Karen Horney
- Laura Perls
- Valerie Walkerdine
- Carol Gilligan
Carol Gilligan
Lawrence Kohlberg is known for his development of the stages of _______ development.
- moral
- intellectual
- psychosocial
- relational
moral
According to Piaget, children’s thinking develops as a function of
- audible private speech
- reinforcement
- maturation
- concrete operations
maturation
Students in one class prefer doing art to doing math. The teacher says that they will start the art lesson as soon as everyone has finished the math problems. This is an example of using
- generalization
- cueing and prompting
- a conditioned stimulus
- the Premack principle
the Premack principle
When a student failed to do a homework task, she had five points deducted. The student is trying to accumulate enough points to be allowed to watch a movie. This is an example of a teacher utilizing
- a token economy
- positive reinforcement
- shaping
- response cost
a token economy
When shaping is used in teaching a new skill, it is important to:
- Reinforce successive approximations to the target behavior
- Reinforce positively rather than negatively
- Hold back reinforcements until students have mastered the skill
- Reinforce every response in order to encourage students to keep trying
Reinforce successive approximations to the target behavior
A teacher practices a fire drill with a class many times so that when a fire alarm rings they will know what to do immediately. In behavioral learning theory this is an example of ___________?
- Operant conditioning
- Classical conditioning
- Negative reinforcement
- Extinction
Classical conditioning
According to Bandura, all of the following are characteristics of a student with high self-efficacy EXCEPT______.
- Fosters intrinsic interest and deep engrossment in activities
- Dwells on personal deficiencies and obstacles
- Recovers sense of self-efficacy after failures or setbacks
- Approaches difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered rather than threats to be avoided.
Dwells on personal deficiencies and obstacles
