Com 1--Eq1-3.3

Question 1

Population change in Detroit

Answer 1

1.1 million people left between 1950 and 2010

Question 2

Reasons for people leaving Detroit

Answer 2

• De-industrialisation
• General Motors became largely robotic and therefore didn’t need people to man the machinery
• Wealthier population left between 1960 and 2000 leaving behind a poorer population

Question 3

Population Change in New York

Answer 3

5.5 million to 8.5million between 1920 and 2015

Census Study

Question 4

Reasons for population change in New York

Answer 4

• Net growth from overseas
• 280,000 from Natural increase
• Knowledge economy
• Skilled and unskilled migrants are needed to sustain New York

Question 5

Informal Economy

Answer 5

Unofficial, Unregulated economy where no records are kept

People in the informal economy have no contracts or employment rights

Question 6

Formal Economy

Answer 6

An official economy that meets legal standards for accounts, taxes and workers’ pay and conditions

Question 7

Majority of employment in the PRE-INDUSTRIAL period of a country

Answer 7

Primary
Most jobs are in farming, mining and fishing
Poorer working conditions

Question 8

Majority of employment in the in the INDUSTRIAL period

Answer 8

All sectors are equal as secondary and tertiary rise and primary falls
Manufacturing industry and towns grow rapidly
Some tertiary employment provide transport, water and elctricity

Question 9

Majority of employment in the POST-INDUSTRIAL period

Answer 9

Tertiary sector

Demand for services, especially in towns, fuels an increase in health and financial services

Question 10

Primary sector

Answer 10

Extracting raw materials

Mining, farming, fishing and agriculture

Question 11

Secondary sector

Answer 11

Manufacturing

Question 12

Tertiary sector

Answer 12

Services

Emergency services, teaching

Question 13

Quaternary sector

Answer 13

Industries providing information

Research and Development

Question 14

Benefits and Government Implications for largely ‘informal economy’ cities
Kampala and New Delhi

Answer 14

BENEFITS
People don’t have to pay tax
More businesses start up
Wider variety of jobs to choose from
GOVERNMENT IMPLICATIONS
No tax going to the government to invest or fund sectors
Harder to improve their social sectors or financial status

Question 15

Benefits and Government Implications for largely ‘Formal economy’ cities
New York

Answer 15

BENEFITS
There are safety regulations
GOVERNMENT IMPLICATIONS
Tax can be collected and re-invested into sectors of society to improve social and economical stability

Question 16

How does accessibility influence land use

Answer 16

• Retail shops and offices need to be accessible to as many people as possible (catchment area)
• City centres have good transport links and so are popular
• Some cities are more accessible at the edge, by motorways, so out of town shopping centres are popular

Question 17

How does availability influence land use

Answer 17

• City centres tend to be very built up
• The availability of land may affect how land is used
• Brownfield sites may have been used for factories and warehouses have closed down meaning developments can take place here

Question 18

How does cost influence land use

Answer 18

• Land in the city is often the most expensive, as it is quite rare
• Some land users can afford to pay high rents in order to be in the city

Question 19

How do planning regulations influence land

Answer 19

-Planners try and balance different areas of land, they will have plans that show how they want the city to develop over time

Question 20

Urbanisation in the UK

Answer 20

The industrial revolution and better transport attracted workers to towns as the cities grew
More factories were built as the population grew

Question 21

Suburbanisation in the UK

Answer 21

When developed cities became too crowded, people moved out of the city into the new suburbs if they could afford it
Often paced on the edges of the city where there was more space and the land was cheaper

Question 22

De-industrialisation in the UK

Answer 22

Industry in cities started to decline as a result of technological advancement

Question 23

Counter-urbanisation in the UK

Answer 23

People chose to leave larger towns and cities and moved to rural areas if they could afford it
This lead to population decline in the inner city
Increasing car ownership and improvements in IT mean people can work from home

Question 24

Regeneration in the UK

Answer 24

Older cities start to redevelop the run-down areas of the city like the brownfield sites to attract new people back into the city
Regeneration causes re-urbanisation