Com 1--Eq1-3.3 Flashcards
Population change in Detroit
1.1 million people left between 1950 and 2010
Reasons for people leaving Detroit
- De-industrialisation
- General Motors became largely robotic and therefore didn’t need people to man the machinery
- Wealthier population left between 1960 and 2000 leaving behind a poorer population
Population Change in New York
5.5 million to 8.5million between 1920 and 2015
Census Study
Reasons for population change in New York
- Net growth from overseas
- 280,000 from Natural increase
- Knowledge economy
- Skilled and unskilled migrants are needed to sustain New York
Informal Economy
Unofficial, Unregulated economy where no records are kept
People in the informal economy have no contracts or employment rights
Formal Economy
An official economy that meets legal standards for accounts, taxes and workers’ pay and conditions
Majority of employment in the PRE-INDUSTRIAL period of a country
Primary
Most jobs are in farming, mining and fishing
Poorer working conditions
Majority of employment in the in the INDUSTRIAL period
All sectors are equal as secondary and tertiary rise and primary falls
Manufacturing industry and towns grow rapidly
Some tertiary employment provide transport, water and elctricity
Majority of employment in the POST-INDUSTRIAL period
Tertiary sector
Demand for services, especially in towns, fuels an increase in health and financial services
Primary sector
Extracting raw materials
Mining, farming, fishing and agriculture
Secondary sector
Manufacturing
Tertiary sector
Services
Emergency services, teaching
Quaternary sector
Industries providing information
Research and Development
Benefits and Government Implications for largely ‘informal economy’ cities
Kampala and New Delhi
BENEFITS
People don’t have to pay tax
More businesses start up
Wider variety of jobs to choose from
GOVERNMENT IMPLICATIONS
No tax going to the government to invest or fund sectors
Harder to improve their social sectors or financial status
Benefits and Government Implications for largely ‘Formal economy’ cities
New York
BENEFITS
There are safety regulations
GOVERNMENT IMPLICATIONS
Tax can be collected and re-invested into sectors of society to improve social and economical stability
How does accessibility influence land use
- Retail shops and offices need to be accessible to as many people as possible (catchment area)
- City centres have good transport links and so are popular
- Some cities are more accessible at the edge, by motorways, so out of town shopping centres are popular
How does availability influence land use
- City centres tend to be very built up
- The availability of land may affect how land is used
- Brownfield sites may have been used for factories and warehouses have closed down meaning developments can take place here
How does cost influence land use
- Land in the city is often the most expensive, as it is quite rare
- Some land users can afford to pay high rents in order to be in the city
How do planning regulations influence land
-Planners try and balance different areas of land, they will have plans that show how they want the city to develop over time
Urbanisation in the UK
The industrial revolution and better transport attracted workers to towns as the cities grew
More factories were built as the population grew
Suburbanisation in the UK
When developed cities became too crowded, people moved out of the city into the new suburbs if they could afford it
Often paced on the edges of the city where there was more space and the land was cheaper
De-industrialisation in the UK
Industry in cities started to decline as a result of technological advancement
Counter-urbanisation in the UK
People chose to leave larger towns and cities and moved to rural areas if they could afford it
This lead to population decline in the inner city
Increasing car ownership and improvements in IT mean people can work from home
Regeneration in the UK
Older cities start to redevelop the run-down areas of the city like the brownfield sites to attract new people back into the city
Regeneration causes re-urbanisation
