College 8

Question 1

sympathy

Answer 1

refers to the heightened awareness of the suffering of another person as something to be alleviated

Question 2

empathy

Answer 2

refers to the attempt to be one self-aware self to comprehend unjudgementally the positive and negative experiences of another self

Question 3

empathy concept 1

Answer 3

knowing another person’s internal state

Question 4

empathic accuracy

Answer 4

refers to how accurately one person can infer the thoughts and feelings of another person

Question 5

the dyadic interaction paradigm

Answer 5

measures empathic accuracy as the extent to which a perceiver accurately infers a target person’s thoughts or feelings from a video recording of their spontaneous interaction together

Question 6

empathic accuracy depends on

Answer 6

• verbal and non-verbal cues, relational/ target information, and social-cognitive abilities
  predicted by: female gender role identification
  not predicted by: IQ, dispositional empathy, biological gender

Question 7

empathy concept 2

Answer 7

adopting the posture or matching the neural responses of an observed other

Question 8

facial empathy/ motor micmicry

Answer 8

The copying of the facial expressions, posture or vocal tone of someone feeling distressed by another person, resulting in the observer experiencing the same.

Question 9

perception action model

Answer 9

Perceiving
another’s mental state activates the same neural state in us, which then leads to the imitation of that action (perception-action link)

Question 10

empathy concept 3

Answer 10

coming to feel as another person feels

Question 11

emotional contagion

Answer 11

a form of social contagion that involves the spontaneous spread of emotions and related behaviors. Such emotional convergence can happen from one person to another, or in a larger group. Emotions can be shared across individuals in many ways, both implicitly or explicitly.

Question 12

empathy concept 4

Answer 12

intuiting or projecting oneself into another’s situation

Question 13

empathy concept 5

Answer 13

imagining how another is thinking and feeling
> referred to as imagine-other perspective taking
Theoretical projection of the self onto another person’s situation: “how do I usually feel in this situation?”
* Based on one’s knowledge about the world, and egocentric in that sense
> theoretical analysis of the target > leads to less distress

Question 14

empathy concept 6

Answer 14

imagining how one would think and feel in the other’s place
> referred to imagine-self perspective-taking
mental simulation of another person’s situation, using this experience as basis of an empathic judgement: “how did this feel for me?”
> ‘merging of the self and the other’ > leads to more distress

Question 15

empathy concept 7

Answer 15

feeling distress at witnessing another person’s suffering
> referred to as empathic distress
Important: means being distressed not FOR the other person, but BY the other person

Question 16

empathy concept 7

Answer 16

feeling for another person who is suffering
> referred to as empathic concern
Other-oriented emotional responses elicited by and congruent with the perceived welfare of someone else

Question 17

The interpersonal Reactivity Index

Answer 17

four subscales
1. empathic concern
2. personal distress
3. fantasy
4. perspective taking

Question 18

empathic concern

Answer 18

“other-oriented” feelings of sympathy and concern for unfortunate others

Question 19

Personal distress

Answer 19

“self-oriented” feelings of personal anxiety and unease in tense interpersonal settings

Question 20

fantasy

Answer 20

tendencies to transpose themselves imaginatively into the feelings and actions of fictitious characters in books, movies and plays

Question 21

perspective-taking

Answer 21

the tendency to spontaneously adopt the psychological point of view of others

Question 22

Theory of mind (ToM)

Answer 22

is the ability to understand and take into account another person’s mental state

Question 23

Affective ToM

Answer 23

understanding others based on emotional knowledge

Question 24

cognitive ToM

Answer 24

understanding others based on belief knowledge

Question 25

the resource project

Answer 25

Huge longitudinal study
investigating the effects of various meditation techniques on relevant abilities

Question 26

self-efficacy

Answer 26

confidence in one’s ability

Question 27

Perspective-taking and feedback-seeking

Answer 27

1. In the absence of perspective-taking, self-efficacy will relate negatively to feedback seeking (“I already know how to do my job”)
2. In the presence of perspective-taking, the relationship between self-efficacy and feedback seeking is positive