College 12

Question 1

Expected Utility theory

Answer 1

actors behave as if they maximized expected utility over possible outcomes

Question 2

prosociality

Answer 2

Rests on the integration of others‘ outcomes
into decision makers‘ utility funcion

Question 3

Social Value Orientation (SVO)

Answer 3

people differ in the weight they attribute to the welfare of the self/other:
1. individualists
2. competitives
3. coorperatives
4. altruists
> conceptualized differently by some, see baillet et al. (2009)

Question 4

SVO: individualists

Answer 4

completely concerned with the self, don’t care for others

Question 5

SVO: competitives

Answer 5

maximize own outcome, but also minimize what others get

Question 6

SVO: cooperatives

Answer 6

maximize outcomes for both self and others

Question 7

SVO: altruists

Answer 7

value other’s welfare more than their own

Question 8

altruism

Answer 8

helping motivated primarily by concern for others

Question 9

compliance

Answer 9

helping in response to a request

Question 10

emotionality

Answer 10

helping (especially) in emotionally evocative circumstances

Question 11

publicity

Answer 11

helping to get credit

Question 12

anonymity

Answer 12

helping without knowing whom one is helping

Question 13

opportunistic

Answer 13

helping when one can personally benefit

Question 14

narcissism

Answer 14

maladaptive personality trait (high (insecure) self-esteem, egocentrism, low empathy, self-interested, etc)
> usually associated with anti-social behaviour

Question 15

public good game theory

Answer 15

a metaphor for modeling cooperative behavior in groups in the presence of incentives to free ride. In the model presented here agents play a public good game with their neighbors in a social network structure.

Question 16

the bystander effect

Answer 16

the inhibiting influence of the presence of others on a person’s willingness to help someone in need. Research has shown that, even in an emergency, a bystander is less likely to extend help when he or she is in the real or imagined presence of others than when he or she is alone.

Question 17

effective altruism

Answer 17

using evidence and reason to figure out how to do as much good as possible, and taking action on that basis

Question 18

maybe favors > elasticity

Answer 18

increase in willingness to help / decrease in actual help
example: “if you agree there is only a chance
that you will actually have to donate eventually. This is because from all the participants who agree we will randomly select 5% for which we will not cancel the payment; there will be no actual donation!” > leads to more donations