College 5

Question 1

affect

Answer 1

general term covering both emotion and mood - usually from positive to negative

Question 2

mood

Answer 2

broad, diffuse, long-lasting, positive or negative state
Due to diffuse nature “spill-over” effects possible (e.g. feeling good because of A makes you like B more later)

Question 3

emotions

Answer 3

about something/someone, acute, short-lived, positive or negative, but more specific (e.g. anger, disgust, fear)

Question 4

Mood and attention

Answer 4

mood influences the focus of perception
- positive mood (things go well) > global focus
- negative mood (there is a problem) > local focus (narrows attention)

Question 5

mood congruence

Answer 5

consistency between one’s mood state with the broader situations and circumstances being experienced by the persons at that time.

Question 6

objective memory

Answer 6

When we recall a memory, we retrieve specific details about it: where, when, with whom.

Question 7

subjective memory

Answer 7

individual’s perceived memory performance, is influenced by a combination of ability judgments and memory concerns

Question 8

affect as information

Answer 8

we interpret our feelings as a reaction to whatever we are thinking about or evaluating at the moment
> subsequent misattribution of feelings to the object of evaluation

Question 9

mood influences stereotypes: competing motivations

Answer 9

people want to protect their good mood by not processing to deeply vs. people want to be accurate

Question 10

beneficial function of good mood

Answer 10

• better performance on concentration
• rely on global schemas: which saves resources
• more efficient processing

Question 11

basic emotions

Answer 11

anger, fear, disgust, surprise, happiness, sadness
- universally recognized
- specific facial muscles
- later added: contempt

Question 12

facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 12

is based on the idea that one’s facial expressions directly affect their emotional experience.

Question 13

somatic marker hypothesis

Answer 13

proposes that emotional processes guide (or bias) behavior, particularly decision-making. “Somatic markers” are feelings in the body that are associated with emotions, such as the association of rapid heartbeat with anxiety or of nausea with disgust. According to the hypothesis, somatic markers strongly influence subsequent decision-making.

Question 14

EASI model

Answer 14

Emotion as social information
This model posits that emotional expressions may affect observers’ behavior by
(1) providing relevant information about the situation (inferential path) and/or by
(2) affecting observers’ emotions and liking of the expresser (affective reactions path).

Question 15

emotional contagion

Answer 15

describes how people who observe the emotions and behaviors of another tend to copy those emotions and behaviors. For instance, when someone smiles happily around others, those around them are more likely to smile and feel happy

Question 16

EASI model: inferential path

Answer 16

basic idea: seeing a facial expression can induce further reasoning about the intentions of the expresser.
> example: Expressing anger
during negotiations can lead to larger concessions because others fear for an impasse.

Question 17

emoji as facial expressions

Answer 17

can fulfill similar functions as facial expressions in non-formal context but can also be seen as inappropriate

Question 18

somatic markers

Answer 18

All bodily byproducts of emotional experiences serve as
“somatic markers” that inform judgments and decision
-making
* Hormones
* Physiological parameters (ECG, skin conductance, etc.)
* Neurotransmitter emissions

Question 19

The EASI model: affective pathway

Answer 19

Basic idea: When I see an emotion in somebody else, I might
“catch” that emotion myself
* Expressing happiness leads to being more liked, expressing
irritability decreases liking