College 4

Question 1

dual process theories

Answer 1

says that humans have two systems for thinking.
System 1 is unconscious, quick, makes use of shortcuts, is a bit sloppy but is relied upon most of the time.
System 2 is intentional, calculated and often more accurate, but it takes effort and is slow.

Question 2

reflective impulsive model

Answer 2

The reflective system generates behavioral decisions that are based on knowledge about facts and values, whereas the impulsive system elicits behavior through associative links and motivational orientations.

Question 3

confirmation bias

Answer 3

the human tendency to only seek out information that supports one position or idea.
> result of heuristic processing and the little motivation people have to engage with information that disproves their world view

Question 4

illusory correlation

Answer 4

when the observer “sees” a relationship that “wasn’t there” in the information presented (or was there to a substantially different degree).

Question 5

density hypothesis

Answer 5

negative information is more distinct than positive information.
“there are few ways to be liked, but many ways to be disliked”

Question 6

the spotlight effect

Answer 6

the phenomenon where people tend to overestimate how much others notice aspects of one’s appearance or behavior

Question 7

false consensus effect

Answer 7

The tendency to overestimate how much other people are like oneself

Question 8

counterfactuals

Answer 8

are reasoning about alternatives to life events of the past (“what could have been”)
* Not all counterfactuals are bad: direction of comparison matters

Question 9

upward counterfactual

Answer 9

“could have been better…”

Question 10

downward counterfactual

Answer 10

“could have been worse..”

Question 11

egocentricity

Answer 11

is the inability to accurately assume or understand any perspective other than one’s own.