cognitive examination Flashcards
orientation
the most basic and fundamental cognitive skills
-awareness of place, time, event of self
attention
the ability to focus on an object, event, or task
immediate attention
refers to info anyone can attend to at any point in time (closely related to working or immediate memory)
selective attention (focused attention)
attending to a stimulus while rejecting irrelevant information (talking to a client in a busy hallway)
sustained attention (vigilance)
prolonged attention during a task (ex. watching a movie/show, cooking, painting, etc.)
-things you do on your own
divided/shifting attention
engaging in one or more cognitive tasks simultaneously (ex. driving and talking)
-most likely one would be verbal and the other would be nonverbal
alternating attention
switching between 2 or more tasks (requires mental flexibility)
executive attention
attention needed to carry out multiple tasks and regulate ones emotions while maintaining behavior goals
modal or multi-store model
memory is composed of 3 stages:
1. sensory (visual, auditory, tactile, etc.)
2. short term (store encoded info)
3. long-term (transferring short term for future recall)
levels of processing model
memory can be either shallow (perceptual) or deep (semantic)
noncognitive forms
procedural and implicit memory
procedural memory
memory about performing different skills
-riding a bike, using an oven
-usually involve 1 or more steps
implicit memory
overlaps with procedural memory and helps in performing a task based on experiences
cognitive forms
immediate memory/working memory, semantic memory, episodic memory, prospective memory
immediate/working memory
memory used during manipulation of new or previously learned information
-learning someones name
-doing math
semantic memory
meanings of words, examples of semantic category, synonyms, and antonyms
-ex: names of flowers, seasons, countries, etc.
episodic memory
one’s personal memories of different experiences
-parties, favorite holidays, etc.
declarative memory
semantic and episodic memory
prospective memory
memory for upcoming events
immediate recall
recall of information immediately after presented
delayed recall
recall of info after few seconds to few minutes
-typically involve distractor inbetween
short-term memory
recall of information typically after a couple days to several days
long-term memory
recall of info from the past
planning
ability to plan tasks
-sequencing
inductive reasoning
making general conclusion from specific observations.
deductive reasoning
moving from general concepts to more specific examples
executive functioning
most complex cognitive skill which includes volition, planning, set-shifting, effective performance
volition
initiation to do things
set-shifting
changing things
visual perception includes ability to
discriminate all stimuli, analyze novel stimuli, recognize familiar stimuli, and interpret what is seen
construction involves
visual perception and motor abilities
phonology
knowledge of sounds within a language
morphology
knowledge of meaningful units within a language
syntax
knowledge of creating and understanding syntactically relevant productions in language
*grammar
semantics
meanings of words/vocab within a language
pragmatics
social use of language
cogntive lingustic quick test (CLQT)
a quick screener to assess attention, memory, planning, executive functioning, and visuospatial skills
-the subtests can be used even with individuals with limited or no speech
clock drawing test
assesses language (written #s), memory, visuospatial skills, attention, motor skills, and executive functioning skills
