alexia

Question 1

reading is based on _______ system alone

Answer 1

visual

Question 2

writing requires input from _________ system as well as _____ system

Answer 2

motor-kinesthetic and visual

Question 3

brain areas involved in writing from dictation (listening and writing down)

Answer 3

-superior temporal gyri
-speech perception pathway along left superior temporal gyrus
-posterior temporal and frontal premotor regions (auditory motor integration)

Question 4

writing involves inputs from

Answer 4

temporal, parietal, frontal, and to some extent occipital regions

Question 5

alexia

Answer 5

reading deficits following a brain damage
-acquired in nature
-different than dyslexia

Question 6

pure alexia

Answer 6

no other disorder present; people with mild deficits are better at identifying letters than words

Question 7

alexia with agraphia

Answer 7

impaired reading and writing deficits following the onset of aphasia

Question 8

alexia without agraphia (pure word blindness)

Answer 8

impaired reading with relatively intact writing skills

Question 9

cause of alexia without agraphia

Answer 9

combination of 2 lesions: left occipital cortex and splenium of corpus callosum

Question 10

disconnect between right visual cortex and left language cortex (alexia without agraphia)

Answer 10

can include deficits in reading information located on the person right visual field

Question 11

optic aphasia

Answer 11

seen with pure alexia where person is unable to name visual stimuli although they name same stimuli through other modalities
-left occipital and corpus callosum lesions

Question 12

dominant hemisphere related lesions

Answer 12

typically results in alexia with agraphia

Question 13

non-dominant hemisphere damage

Answer 13

alexia without agraphia (neglect and attentional alexia)

Question 14

alexia associated with aphasia

Answer 14

factors affecting both auditory comprehension and reading skills
-word frequency
-personal relevance
-part of speech
-synctactic complexity
-emotionality

Question 15

central alexia

Answer 15

occurs in dominant hemisphere. often seen as a consequence of aphasia
-deficits in language comprehension, expression, and reading
(phonological, deep, surface)

Question 16

phonological alexia

Answer 16

common; difficulties with grapheme-phoneme rules, able to read words they recognize but have difficulties with unfamiliar words; moderate severity (inbetween deep and surface)

Question 17

deep alexia

Answer 17

most severe; deficits in decoding grapheme-phoneme rules with INTACT ability to derive meanin from whole words

Question 18

key features of deep alexia

Answer 18

-semantic paralexia - frequent substitution of semantically related words (saying she for her)
-poor ability to apply grapheme-to-phoneme rules evident with non-words

Question 19

pure alexia

Answer 19

exclusive deficits in reading

Question 20

surface alexia

Answer 20

least severe; have trouble recognizing the meaning of printed words. can sometimes read less familiar or unknown words because of relatively good grapheme-to-phoneme knowledge

Question 21

peripheral alexia

Answer 21

alexia due to interruptions or damage to visual cortex. occurs in non-dominant hemisphere
(heianopic, neglect, attentional)

Question 22

hemianopic alexia

Answer 22

caused due to damage to primary visual cortex and leading to loss of up to 50% of the visual field

Question 23

neglect alexia

Answer 23

difficulties in identifying the beginning of a word; can be associated with RHD or isolated symptom

Question 24

attentional alexia

Answer 24

reader may see crowded letters sometimes leading to blending of two words into one. difficulty distingushing between 2 words.

Question 25

assessment of reading skills

Answer 25

*all aphasia assessments have a reading section -reading aloud -reading comprehension -functional reading comprehension

Question 26

reading aloud

Answer 26

materials may include highly familiar single words or word with emotional valence, words belonging to different parts of speech, phrases and sentences of varying length and complexity. might not be possible for aphasic clients with limited verbal expression

Question 27

reading comp: comp. at single word level

Answer 27

includes reading of the word and giving the meaning

Question 28

reading comp: sentence completion tasks

Answer 28

fill-in-the-blank stimuli, short sentences with 1 or more words missing

Question 29

reading comp: comprehension of complex paragraphs

Answer 29

-newspaper or online articles, stories, short paragraphs (can have them summarize)

Question 30

reading comp: follow written commands

Answer 30

simple or complex

Question 31

functional reading

Answer 31

menus, maps, specific interest material

Question 32

copy and recall treatment (CART)

Answer 32

-more likely for deep or phonological alexia -come up with 10-20 words important for the client and have them copy and write over and over -program has lack of generalization

Question 33

LIPS

Answer 33

helps the client to differentiate between words by developing the ability to sound out words. clients are taught to self-monitory and correct their own errors during reading and spelling

Question 34

phonological approaches (including LIPS)

Answer 34

retraining through phonological awareness or specific sound-to-letter correspondence of target words

Question 35

oral reading for language in aphasia (ORLA)

Answer 35

clinican guides the client through oral reading of text-level passages. focuses on more connected speech rather than single words and thus facilitate more natural prosody.

Question 36

tactile kinesthetic approach

Answer 36

retraining phonological knowledge, how you produce the sound; focus on artic use