agraphia

Question 1

pure agraphia

Answer 1

acquired loss of writing skills following brain damage

Question 2

agraphia is characterized by

Answer 2

errors in spelling, semantics, syntax, and poor formation of letters

Question 3

agraphia occurs due to ___

Answer 3

language deficits NOT motor deficits

Question 4

posterior aphasias are typically associated with

Answer 4

alexia and agraphia

Question 5

central agraphia

Answer 5

deep, phonological, lexical, and surface

Question 6

deep agraphia

Answer 6

difficulties in both spelling and meaning of words. more deficits for abstract nouns (wisdom, happiness) and grammatical functor words
-associated with damage to perisylvian language areas (brocas, wernickes, and supramarginal gyrus)
*most severe form of central agraphia

Question 7

phonological agraphia

Answer 7

difficulties in sounding out words with relative preservation of ability to write real words. associated with damage to perisylvian areas
ex: school -> skool, pneumonia -> newmonia

Question 8

lexical agraphia

Answer 8

difficulties in visualizing spellings of words with relative preservation of sounding them out (intact phonological rules). more errors for uncommon words. lesions of left extrasylvian temporo-parietal regions

Question 9

surface agraphia

Answer 9

characterized by loss of orthographic rules and spelling is performed based on phonological knowledge (ex. coff for cough). tend to be more mild

Question 10

peripheral agraphias

Answer 10

allographic disorders, apraxic agraphias, nonapraxic agraphia

Question 11

allographic disorders

Answer 11

associated with damage to left pariet-occipital region. people may have inability to active or select approropriate letters shapes with relatively intact oral spelling. have difficulties with upper and lowercase letters or produce case-mixing errors (pApeR)
-letters that look similar may get switched (b->d, p->q, m->w)

Question 12

apraxic agraphia

Answer 12

peripheral agraphia due to damage of graphic motor programs
-poor letter formation
-typical errors may include spatial distortions, illegible handwriting
-seen in people with aphasia and apraxia
-space between letters is inconsistent

Question 13

nonapraxic agraphia

Answer 13

characterized by deficits in kinematic parameters of handwriting (movement, force, speed, amplitude)
-micrographia: very small and illegible handwriting
-occurs due to dysfunction of the nueral system controlling writing (parietal, supramarginal gyrus)

Question 14

assessment of writing skills

Answer 14

-graphomotor vs. lingustic writing skills
-automatic writing vs. propositional writing skills
-written confrontation naming versus writing to dictation
-narrative writing
-functional writing

Question 15

graphomotor vs. lingustic writing skills

Answer 15

look through samples for both quantitative and qualitative aspects. make notes about contect, words used, type and frequency of errors, letter formation, and self-correction attempts

Question 16

automatic wriing vs. propositional writing skills

Answer 16

use different tasks to elicit both automatic writing (name, signature, numbers, days of the week) and propositional wiriting (sentence level writing about a topic, picture description)

Question 17

written confrontation naming versus writing to dictation

Answer 17

-confrontational: written naming, includes word retrieval, and graphomotor, and spelling skills
-writing to dictation: inludes only formation of correct letters that correspond to target words

Question 18

narrative writing

Answer 18

includes story writing which requires combination of language and cognitive skills. can be used for higher-functioning clients or those with occupational demands

Question 19

functional writing

Answer 19

examples include check writing, phone numbers, address, and email.messages

Question 20

treatment for central agraphias

Answer 20

may include retaining of lexical semantic or nonlexical spelling process. LIPS, CART, tactile-kinesthetic approach, SFA

Question 21

Tx of apraxic agraphia

Answer 21

more focus on retraining of graphic motor programs. focus on retraining of the ability to hold a pen/pencil to write effectively, formation of letters, ability to draw, copy, and write figures, numbers, and other symbols

Question 22

use a combo of _____ to assess

Answer 22

standardized assesments and observation of different wiriting samples