aphasia in special populations

Question 1

lang. changes in normal aging

Answer 1

-older people may develop slight dysfluencies in language expression and at the same time may produce language with diverse themes and meanings of words
-mild auditory comprehension problems are also possible which could be partially attributed to auditory perceptual deficits

Question 2

some of the common changes due to aging include deficits in

Answer 2

word retrieval, circumlocutions, minimal deficits in discourse production, and variable deficits in auditory comprehension

Question 3

factors causing these changes

Answer 3

-received working memory
-slow cognitive processing
-additional hearing and visual changes

Question 4

dementia

Answer 4

progressive decline of cognitive functions, changes in personality and behavior, and impairment of social and psychosocial adaption

Question 5

Alzheimers disease

Answer 5

common form begins with memory deficits followed by language dysfunction and visuospatial deficits. memory deficits are due to changes in medial temporal lobes. lang. deficits occur due to changes in lateral temporal regions. aphasia may coexist with AD ranging from anomic aphasia early on followed by transcortical sensory aphasia and wernickes aphasia

Question 6

commonly used assessments

Answer 6

arizona battery for communication disorders of dementia (ABCD), CLQT, and dementia rating scale (DRS-2)

Question 7

symptoms associated with mild stages of AD

Answer 7

-some self-awareness
-fluent, well articulated and grammatical verbal expression with mild word-finding deficits and empty, circumlocutory speech

Question 8

symptoms associated with moderate stages of AD

Answer 8

-self-awareness begins to disappear
-memory deficits begin to interfere with language skills including difficulty remembering questions and answers

Question 9

symptoms associated with late stages of AD

Answer 9

-severe lang. deficits in comprehension and expression
-swallowing deficits

Question 10

primary progressive aphasia (PPA)

Answer 10

includes neurodegenerative disorders with progressive language deficits. may be of either fluent or nonfluent types

Question 11

diagnosis of PPA is made when

Answer 11

an individual has had aphasia for at least 2 years from the recognized time of onset

Question 12

language changes associated with nonfluent PPA

Answer 12

-spontaneous verbal output including shorter-than-normal phrase length, word-finding deficits, agrammatism, and deficits in speech production and prosody
-deficits in reading and writing
-relatively preserved auditory comp.
-as global dementia develops, cognitive problems in memory, executive functioning, and visuospatial functions may occur

Question 13

lang. changes associated with fluent PPA

Answer 13

-fluent verbal expression including phrases and sentences of average or longer-than-average phrase length
-anomia
-content words are replaced by indefinite terms or empty circumlocutions
-fairly preserved grammar and artic.
-deficits in reading and writing
-semantic dementia has similarities with wernicke’s aphasia including deficits in ad. comp.

Question 14

logopenic ppa

Answer 14

-defcits in word retrieval
-relatively intact grammar and motor speech skills
-deficits in lexical retrieval and repetition
-slow rate of speech

Question 15

tx considerations for PPA

Answer 15

-aphasic tx programs useful for early stages of PPA
-tx should focus on maintenance of functions and prevention of decline rathr than improvement of functioning
-AAC options may be considered
-family counseling due to poor prognosis

Question 16

cognitive-communication interventions for PPA

Answer 16

-AAC options may be beneficial for individuals with PPA who may not have developed demntia
-memory books helpful

Question 17

multicultural considerations

Answer 17

-cultural differences should be taken into cosideration during assessment and treatment
-some cultures may view dementia as a natural consequence of againg rather than a disorder
-individuals of some cultures may therefore not want to seek assessment and treatment for dementiaissues

Question 18

tbi

Answer 18

-penetrating head injures may lead to aphasia

Question 19

penetrating head injuries (open)

Answer 19

when a brain injury leads to a fracture of the brain skull or cranium

Question 20

closed head injuries

Answer 20

when brain injury does not cause a fracture

Question 21

blast injury

Answer 21

includes injuries due to rocket-propelled grenades, landmines, and improvised explosive devices

Question 22

diagnosing aphasia with concurrent TBI

Answer 22

-documented loss of consciousness
-amnesia for the actual traumatic event
-score of 3 or more on glasgow coma scale

Question 23

mild injury

Answer 23

duration of amnesia up to 1 hour

Question 24

moderate injury

Answer 24

duration of amnesia up to 1 day

Question 25

severe injury

Answer 25

duration of amnesia up to 1 week

Question 26

very severe injury

Answer 26

duration of amnesia beyond 1 week

Question 27

retrograde amnesia

Answer 27

loss of memory for events prior to injury and relatively worse for events following the injury

Question 28

anterograde amnesia

Answer 28

loss of ability to learn new information