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anatomy block 4 > cognition part 2 > Flashcards

cognition part 2 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Stroke in Hippocampus and/or Amygdala

A

• Decreased emotional responses

Decreased responsiveness, aggression, fear, dominance and social interest

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3
Q

All neural roads lead to the

A

frontal lobes”

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4
Q

Frontal Lobe; All cortical tissue anterior to

A

central sulcus

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6
Q

motor • premotor • prefrontal

A

functional distinct regions of frontal lobe

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7
Q

Motor Movements Speech Production

A

Frontlal Lobe

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8
Q

Planning Organizing Problem solving

A

Frontal Lobe

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9
Q

Personality Behavior Emotions

A

Frontal Lobe

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10
Q

Selective attention

A

Frontal Lobe

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11
Q

• Primary motor cortex

A

Controls contralateral side of body • ‘motor homunculus’ •

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12
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

voluntary, skilled movements

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13
Q

• Premotor cortex

A

• sequencing, timing, and initiation of voluntary movements

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14
Q

Brocha’s area of Frontal Lobe

A

speech production

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15
Q

Motor and pre-motor cortices of frontal lobe

A

direct control of movements through projections to spinal motor neurons and cranial nerve motor neurons

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16
Q

Motor and pre-motor cortices of frontal lobe

A

also projects to basal ganglia

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17
Q

lesion to Broca’s Aphasia

A

Inability to speak fluently

Non-fluent speech

Few words, short sentences, many pauses

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18
Q

lesion to

Broca’s Aphasia

A

Words produced with effort and sound distorted • Repetition is impaired

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19
Q

lesion to Broca’s Aphasia

A

Repetition is impaired •

Comprehension is relatively intact • Awareness of mistakes

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20
Q

Prefrontal Cortex: Executive Functions of Frontal Lobe

A

effective and efficient goal-directed behavior; organization of behavior & cognition

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21
Q

Prefrontal Cortex of Frontal Lobe

A

Initiating - Inhibiting and Judgment

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22
Q
  • Planning and organizing

and problem solving

A

Prefrontal Cortex

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23
Q

Selective attention

  • Self-monitoring
A

Prefrontal Cortex

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24
Q

Abstract thinking and mental flexibility

A

Prefrontal Cortex:

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25
Q

frontal lobe lesion

A

Short-term memory impairment

• Loss of flexible thinking

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26
Q

Poor response inhibition

A

Damage to the Frontal Lobe

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27
Q

Inappropriate social & sexual behavior

A

Damage to the Frontal Lobe

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28
Q

Impaired judgment, abstract thinking, hypothesis testing and planning

A

Damage to the Frontal Lobe

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29
Q

• Difficulties using cues and information from the environment to direct, control, or change behavior

A

Damage to the Frontal Lobe

30
Q

Occiptal lobe Separated from parietal and temporal lobes

A

by parieto-occiptal sulcus

31
Q

Primary visual cortex is Brodmann area 17,

A

Occipital lobe

32
Q

Posterior pole of cerebral hemispheres

A

Occipital Lobe

33
Q

Dorsal stream of occipital lobe

A

visual information to posterior parietal cortex

34
Q

Dorsal stream of occipital lobe

A

“where”

35
Q

Ventral stream of occipital lobe

A

visual information to inferotemporal cortex

36
Q

Ventral stream of occipital lobe

A

what

37
Q

Can only perceive movement through a compilation of still images as if watching the world through a strobe light

A

Akinetopsia

38
Q

Akinetopsia

A

inability to perceive motion

39
Q

brain damage disrupting input to the dorsal pathway (V5/MT).

A

Akinetopsia

40
Q

Occipital Lobe Dysfunction

A

Visual agnosia, Prosopagnosia,Akinetopsia

41
Q

inability recognize an object

A

Visual agnosia

42
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize faces including their own

43
Q

Agnosia?

A

• Inability of the brain to process or make use of sensory stimuli

44
Q

Sensory perception of the stimulus is disconnected from memories associated with the stimulus

A

Agnosia

45
Q

strokes, dementia, carbon monoxide poisoning cause

A

Agnosia

46
Q

agnosia not same as

A

blind or deaf

47
Q

Auditory Agnosia

A

Inability to recognize sounds

48
Q

Inability to perceive objects through tactile stimulation

A

Somatosensory Agnosia

49
Q

Difficultly recognizing objects, faces and words

A

Visual agnosia

occipital disfunction

50
Q

Cannot sort pictures or objects into categories and – Cannot name objects

A

Visual agnosia

51
Q

Visual agnosia

Prosopagnosia

Akinetopsia

A

Occipital Lobe Dysfunction

52
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Severe disturbance in the ability to recognize faces

53
Q

Lesions of inferior and medial occipital lobe

A

Prosopagnosia

54
Q

Recognition of facial parts is intact

A

Prosopagnosia

55
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

• Accurate judgments about gender, age and emotion are still intact and can recall detailed information about a specific individual

56
Q

Language is

A

any system for representing and communicating ideas

57
Q

speech

A

particular audible manner of communicating language

58
Q

Broca’s area –

A

production of area

59
Q

Wernicke’s area –

A

Comprehension of language

60
Q

Wernicke-Geschwind Model

A

Neural Basis of Language

61
Q

Wernicke-Geschwind Model

A

Comprehension – Production – Reading

62
Q

When we listen to speech, words are send via pathways to primary auditory cortex (Heschl’s gyrus);

A

relayed to Wernicke’s area(Comprehension)

63
Q

Broca’s area

A

holds representations for articulating words –

64
Q

broca’s area(language production)

A

Instructions are sent to facial area of motor cortex -> facial motor neurons in brain stem

65
Q

Reading;Information is sent to visual areas 17, 18 and 19

A

– Goes to angular gyrus -> Wernicke’s area

66
Q

Wada Test

A

Sodium amytal, an anesthetic, is injected into the right or left carotid artery

67
Q

Wada test

If the left hemisphere is put to sleep in people who have language ability in the left hemisphere

A

person cannot speak

68
Q

if right hemisphere is put to sleep, then will be able to speak

with anestiic in left hemisphere

A

person can still talk

69
Q

Identifying Language Areas;

Electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex on left side

A

left side dominance language will be disrupted with electrode stimulation

anatomy block 4 (16 decks)

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