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anatomy block 4 > cognition and language > Flashcards

cognition and language Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal and Parietal lobes

A

• Attention

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2
Q

Parietal Lobes

A

Visuospatial

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3
Q

Frontal and Temporal Lobes

A

Language

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4
Q

• Executive function

A

Frontal Lobes

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5
Q

Temporal and Frontal lobes

A

Memory

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6
Q

• Area of cortex between frontal and occipital lobes

A

parietal lobe

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7
Q

Principle regions of parietal lobe

A

• post-central gyrus • superior parietal lobule • supramarginal gyrus • angular gyrus

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8
Q

Processes and integrates somatosensory and visual information

A

parietal lobe

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9
Q

parietal lobes

A

Processes sensations

and guidance of movement

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10
Q

“Gerstmann’s Syndrome.”

A

• Lesion usually in angular and supramarginal gyri

Left parietal lobe damage

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11
Q

• right-left confusion, dysgraphia, dyscalculia

A

“Gerstmann’s Syndrome.”

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12
Q

finger agnosia.

A

“Gerstmann’s Syndrome.”

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13
Q

Right parietal lobe damage

A

Neglect of contralateral side of body or space

Difficulty making things (constructional apraxia)

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14
Q

Denial of deficits (anosagnosia)

A

Right parietal lobe damage

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15
Q

• Sensory Thresholds • Prosopagnosia•

A

other symptoms of parietal lobes damage

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16
Q

• Inability to locate and recognize parts of the body or self

A

other symptoms of parietal lobes damage

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17
Q

• Neglect of visual, auditory and somatosensory stimuli on the side of the body opposite to the lesion

A

Contralateral Neglect

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18
Q

defective sensation and perception and

defective attention

A

cause Contralateral Neglect

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19
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

below the Sylvian fissure and anterior to occipital cortex

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20
Q

Temporal lobe

A

amgydala, limbic cortex, and hippocampus

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21
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

auditory and gustatory areas

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22
Q

• Inputs from all sensory modalities, parietal and frontal lobes,

A

Temporal Lobe

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23
Q

input from ventral visual stream, limbic structures and basal ganglia

A

Temporal Lobe

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24
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Temporal Lobe

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25
Q

Comprehension of language

A

Wernicke’s area of temporal lobe

26
Q

Processing of auditory input

A

Primary auditory cortex of temporal lobe

27
Q

Learning and memory

A

Hippocampus and Amygdala of Temporal lobe

28
Q

• Lesion in superior temporal gyrus

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

29
Q

• Comprehension of speech is impaired

A

• Comprehension of speech is impaired

Wernicke’s Aphasia

30
Q

Speech is: –

fluent but meaningless (word salad) –

devoid of any content –

neologisms

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

31
Q

Content ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

32
Q

The ability to encode, store, retain, recall and recognize information

A

Memory

33
Q

Memory

A

duration of memories and formation and retrieval of information

34
Q

Four types of memory based on

A

duration of retention

35
Q

Sensory memory •

A

200-500 ms after input is perceived

36
Q

– Working memory •

A

Focuses on the processing of briefly stored information

37
Q

– Short-term memory •

A

Holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten

38
Q

Long-term memory •

A

Relatively permanent and limitless storehouse

39
Q

Three stages in the formation and retrieval of memory:

A

Encoding storage retrieval

40
Q

• Processing and combining received information

A

encoding

41
Q

• Creation of a permanent record of the encoded information

A

storage

42
Q

• Calling back stored information in response to some cue for use in a process or activity

Recognition

A

Recall

43
Q

Hippocampus

A

Consolidates memories

44
Q

• Critical structure for explicit memory

A

hippocampus

45
Q

Hippocampus

A

Made permanent before stored elsewhere

46
Q

Hippocampus

A

curved sheet of cortex in the medial temporal lobe

47
Q

Hipocampus

A

amygdala to the splenium of the corpus callosum

48
Q

Hippocampus

A

Dentate gyrus

Subiculum

CA (cornu ammonis) subfields

49
Q

Entorhinal Cortex (EC)

A

Main input to HC and a target of hippocampal output

50
Q

severe anterograde amnesia

A

Bilateral removal of the hippocampus; patient was unable to form new memories of facts or events

51
Q

Bilateral removal of the hippocampus

A

• Past, early memories were intact

52
Q

• Mirror Drawing Task with Case of Patient HM

A

H.M.ʼs performance does improve on this task

BUT Doesnʼt remember ever completing the task

53
Q

A collection of nuclei located at the anterior end of the hippocampus

A

Amygdala

54
Q

Efferents of amygdala

A

project to the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus

55
Q

Visceral inputs, particularly olfactory inputs, are especially prominent

A

to amygdala

56
Q

• Involved in memories of emotional, olfactory and visceral events

A

Amygdala

57
Q

Amygdala Sends impulses to hypothalamus for activation of the —- —– —–

A

sympathetic nervous system

58
Q

associating sensory stimuli with appropriate emotion response

and Also involved in sense of smell

A

amygdala

59
Q
A
60
Q

Stroke in Hippocampus and/or Amygdala

A

• Profound memory impairments

Impaired ability to determine and identify emotional significance of stimuli or events

anatomy block 4 (16 decks)

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