Coding 6 Flashcards
What are the sex chromosomes for birds?
The reverse of humans
What is primary sex determination or gonadal sex determination?
Gonad determination
Where do germ cells go?
Into the fetus and are organized into cysts and are then surrounded by pregranulosa cells
What are granulosa cells?
The cells surrounding the oocyte and differentiate
What are thecal cells?
Differentiated mesenchymal cells
What do the thecal cells form?
Ovarian follicles
Which genes induce testis formation?
Sry
What is sex determination?
The male or female phenotype generation based on the secretion of hormones
What is AMH?
It is a paracrine factor that gives rise to the female reproductive organs
What does testosterone do?
It induces the formation of male reproductive organs and signals to prevent cell death
What are hermaphrodites?
Organisms with both male and female reproductive organs
What are gynadromophs?
These are animals with both male and female parts
What are sex lethal genes?
These are genes that are activated by 2 promoters and generate RNA splicing factors that determine the sexual phenotype
Can sex also be determined by environmental factors?
Yes
What is gametogenesis?
The differentiation of the primordial germ cells
What do the developing gonads decide?
What is secreted and where does it go
Where do the PGCs form?
The posterior region of the embryo
Where do the PGCs go?
They migrate to the gonads
What is the developing gonad?
Genital ridge
What are migrating PGCs surrounded by?
SCFs
What happens to PGCs pluripotency?
It decreases
What is a gonocytes?
A committed germ cell
What tells the gonocytes to undergo oogenesis and spermatogenesis?
Gonad
What is a type A spermatogonia?
These are sperm cells held by cytoplasmic bridges
What is a type B spermatogonia?
Precursors of spermatocytes contain high levels of stras
What is the oogonia?
Highly proliferative egg cell
What is the primary oocyte?
The surviving egg cell
What is the secondary oocyte?
When undergoing meiosis the smaller cell becomes the first polar body and the larger the secondary oocyte
What does SRY activate?
SRY -> SOX9 -> AMH
What is the genital ridge?
The developing gonad
What happens as primodial germ cells commit?
They lose potency
