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Coding Terms > Coding 15 > Flashcards

Coding 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes the neural plate?

A

Ectoderm

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2
Q

What induces the presumptive neural tissue induction?

A

Prechordal plate and notochord

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3
Q

What will the ectoderm also make?

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

Where are the presumptive neural crest cells situated?

A

Between the epidermis and the CNS

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5
Q

What do the NSC make?

A

Melanocytes and PNS

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6
Q

What forms with high BMP?

A

Epidermis

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7
Q

What forms with low BMP?

A

Neural plate

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8
Q

What forms with intermediate BMP?

A

NSC formation

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9
Q

What is primary neurulation?

A

Cells surround the neural plate and proliferate to separate from the ectoderm and make a hollow tube

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10
Q

What does sox1 induce?

A

Activates genes for the neural plate

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11
Q

What does sox2 induce?

A

Inhibits the formation of epidermis and NSC

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12
Q

What is secondary neurulation?

A

Neural tube forms from the mesenchyme cells

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13
Q

What is the transition zone?

A

Where the anterior and posterior parts of the neural tube join together

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14
Q

How does the neural tube detatch from the surface ectoderm?

A

By the loss of E-cadherin expression and the transition to the expression of N-cadherin

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15
Q

When does the neural tube fuse?

A

Day 27

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16
Q

Which ectoderm cells express the sox2 gene?

A

The ectoderm cells that will form the posterior neural tube

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17
Q

What are the 3 vesicles that the anterior neural tube will make?

A
  1. Forebrain
  2. Midbrain
  3. Hindbrain
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18
Q

What are rhombomeres?

A

The hindbrain develop swelling segment patterns that divide into many components

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19
Q

What do the rhombomeres make?

A

Neurons with different cell fate the neural crest cells form ganglia which can then form different types of nerves

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20
Q

Which neurons are sensory?

A

The neurons of the dorsal region

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21
Q

Which neurons are motor?

A

The neurons of the ventral region

22
Q

What does SHH make?

A

SHH makes the floor plate of the neural tube

23
Q

What secretes SHH?

A

Floor plate cells to make the ventral neural tube

24
Q

What does high SHH lead to?

A

The production of motor neurons

25
Q

What determines dorsal fate?

A

BMP4

26
Q

What happens if a notochord fragment is removed from an embryo?

A

The adjacent neural tube will NOT have a floor plate

27
Q

What happens if notochord fragments are replaced with SHH secreting cells OR from one embryo to the host is inserted?

A

A second floorplate and second set of motor neurons will form

28
Q

What level of BMP does the neural plate have?

A

Low

29
Q

What level of BMP does the neural crest cell have?

A

Intermediate

30
Q

What level of BMP does the ectoderm/epidermis have?

A

High

31
Q

How does the BMP level end up high above the neural tube?

A

Due to the lateral-medial movement

32
Q

What is a neural crest cell?

A

These are cells that form along the entire neural tube (so it is ectoderm) and it starts in the dorsal region

33
Q

How do the neural crest cells migrate?

A

Repulsion from Eph (receptor) on the posterior scleretome and the neural crest cell surface has the ephrin ligand

34
Q

What do Foxd3/slug/snail do for neural crest cells?

A

They repress E-cadherin and lead to EMT

35
Q

What is chemotaxis?

A

When the neural crest cells migrate by attraction

36
Q

What is a placode?

A

A thick surface of ectoderm

37
Q

What does high BMP make?

A

Epidermis

38
Q

What does intermediate BMP make?

A

Neural crest cells

39
Q

What does low BMP make?

A

Neural plate

40
Q

What does sox2 inhibit?

A

Epidermis

41
Q

What does the primary neurulation make?

A

Anterior neural tube

42
Q

What does secondary neurulation make?

A

Posterior neural tube

43
Q

What is the transition zone?

A

Where the anteiror and posterior join

44
Q

When does the anterior neuropore close?

A

Day 24

45
Q

What does the posterior neuropore close?

A

Day 27

46
Q

What are rhombomeres?

A

These are segments that are made from the rhombencephalon that encode for neurons

47
Q

Where is BMP the highest?

A

Surface ectoderm

48
Q

Where is SHH the highest?

A

Floor plate

49
Q

What does the high BMP form?

A

Dorsal structures

50
Q

What does the high SHH form?

A

Ventral structure

51
Q

What forms at the sweet spot between SHH and BMP?

A

Motor neurons

52
Q
A

Coding Terms (17 decks)

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