Coding 22

Question 1

What does the epiblast make?

Answer 1

Primitive endoderm

Question 2

What is the primitive endoderm?

Answer 2

Cells crucial for gastrulation and the formation of the trophoblast

Question 3

What is sox17?

Answer 3

A marker for endoderm formation

Question 4

What does sox17 allow you to detect?

Answer 4

Cells that ingress through the primitive streak

Question 5

What induces sox17?

Answer 5

High nodal

Question 6

What represses sox17?

Answer 6

BMP and FGF

Question 7

What are the 3 regions that are defined next to the gut endoderm?

Answer 7

1. Midgut/hindgut
2. Central endoderm region
3. Head endoderm

Question 8

What happens at the 22-day human embryo mark?

Answer 8

The oral opening of the digestive tube forms due to the oral plate breaking

Question 9

What are pharyngeal arches?

Answer 9

These are the pairs of endoderm that form from pharyngeal pouches

Question 10

What is between the pharyngeal pouches?

Answer 10

Pharyngeal floor plate

Question 11

What happens to the mesenchyme cells during the formation of the endodermal tube?

Answer 11

The mesenchyme cells wrap around the endoderm

Question 12

What is the heaptic diverticulum?

Answer 12

It extends from the foregut and surrounds the mesenchyme and induces endoderm proliferation

Question 13

Where does the liver form?

Answer 13

Below the notochord

Question 14

What induces liver formation?

Answer 14

FGF from the heart and endolethial cells

Question 15

What leads to competence of the liver formation?

Answer 15

FoxA1 and FoxA2 receptors that receive the signals

Question 16

What induces pancreas formation?

Answer 16

The notochord

Question 17

What does the notochord do to induce pancreas formation?

Answer 17

Repress SHH

Question 18

What role does FGF2 play?

Answer 18

It represses the SHH

Question 19

Where are the lungs derived from?

Answer 19

Digestive tube

Question 20

What builds up to form the lungs?

Answer 20

Beta catenin

Question 21

What is the Wnt/FGF/BMP level in the head endoderm?

Answer 21

Low

Question 22

What is the Wnt/FGF/BMP level in the posterior endoderm?

Answer 22

High

Question 23

What is the Wnt/FGF/BMP levels in the central endoderm?

Answer 23

Moderate

Question 24

Where is sox17 active?

Answer 24

In the endoderm

Question 25

Where is SHH not expressed?

Answer 25

Where the pancreas forms

Question 26

What leads to the lung formation from the digestive tube?

Answer 26

Beta catenin build up