Coding 18 - 20

Question 1

What is the placode made of?

Answer 1

Transient ectoderm regions

Question 2

Are they separated?

Answer 2

Yes there are some placodes selective to the posterior and some only at the anterior

Question 3

What do cranial placodes give rise to?

Answer 3

Ganglia cells

Question 4

What do ganglia make?

Answer 4

They generate the cranial nerve

Question 5

What is sclerotome?

Answer 5

These are sub-somites formed from the region close to the neural tube and notochord

Question 6

What is the basic unit of the kidneys?

Answer 6

Nephrons

Question 7

What is the ureter?

Answer 7

It is a structure that forms from the initial uteric bud and sends urine to the bladder

Question 8

Where does the heart come come from?

Answer 8

The lateral plate mesoderm

Question 9

What does the coelom form between?

Answer 9

The splanchic lateral plate mesoderm and the somatic lateral plate mesoderm

Question 10

What does the coelom do for the heart?

Answer 10

The folding causes the heart rudiments to come together

Question 11

What leads to the heart looping?

Answer 11

Crescent Wnt inhibited -> High BMP -> Activates NKx2.5 -> Heart loops

Question 12

What does the mesenephros become?

Answer 12

The wolfian duct

Question 13

What is LGR?

Answer 13

A receptor for the RSPO1 ligand

Question 14

What does RSPO1 do?

Answer 14

Stabalizes the beta catenin

Question 15

What does SRY do?

Answer 15

It acts as a transcription factor and activates SOX9 which then binds to AMH and degrades the mullerian duct

Question 16

What inhibits somite formation?

Answer 16

FGF8

Question 17

What represses FGF8?

Answer 17

Retinoic acid

Question 18

What makes the ureter?

Answer 18

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 19

What makes the urethra?

Answer 19

Endoderm

Question 20

What makes the bladder?

Answer 20

Endoderm

Question 21

Where is Otx2 expressed?

Answer 21

Forebrain and midbrain

Question 22

Where is Gbx2 expressed?

Answer 22

Hindbrain

Question 23

Which Hox gene makes the hindbrain?

Answer 23

1 and 2

Question 24

What happens in the ventricular zone?

Answer 24

• Stem cells continue dividing
• Neuron birthday

Question 25

What happens in the intermediate zone?

Answer 25

Grey matter

Question 26

What happens in the marginal zone?

Answer 26

White matter

Question 27

What happens in the neocortex?

Answer 27

6 layers of the cerebral cortex are made

Question 28

What are the purkinje cells?

Answer 28

Primary excitatory cells of the cerebellum

Question 29

What are the granuole cells?

Answer 29

These are inhibitory cells from the rhombic lip that migrate tangentially and proliferate

Question 30

What are the radial glia cells?

Answer 30

These are neural stem cells