Coding 17

Question 1

What do the neural crest cells undergo?

Answer 1

EMT from the dorsal neural tube

Question 2

What are the 4 main regions that the neural crest cells form?

Answer 2

1. Cranial or cephalic neural crest
2. Cardiac neural crest cells
3. Cells of the trunk neural crest
4. The vagal and sacral neural crest

Question 3

What do the cranial neural crest cells do?

Answer 3

These cells migrate and form the cartilage of the face and bone and enter the pharyngeal arches

Question 4

What do the cardiac neural crest cells do?

Answer 4

Form the artieries, heart, and connective tissue from the third, fourth, and sixth pharyngeal arches

Question 5

What do the trunk neural crest cells do?

Answer 5

Migrate along the ventral-dorsal axis and the anteriro half of the somitic sclerotome to differentiate into the dorsal root ganglia and sensory neurons

Question 6

What do the vagal and sacral neural crest cells do?

Answer 6

These cells generate the parasympathetic ganglia of the gut

Question 7

Where do the trunk neural crest cells migrate?

Answer 7

To the regions where there is cartilage

Question 8

What are the differences between the cranial and trunk neural crest cells?

Answer 8

The trunk can’t form bone

Question 9

What are the similarities between the cranial and trunk neural crest cells?

Answer 9

• Both make melanocytes, neurons, and glia
• Multipotent

Question 10

Relative to the neural tube when do the neural crest cells induce?

Answer 10

Before the neural tube migration

Question 11

Where do the neural crest cells induce?

Answer 11

At the border between the presumptive neural plate and the presumptive epidermis

Question 12

What is contact inhibition?

Answer 12

When the neural crest cells push each other out from the dorsal part of the neural tube

Question 13

What are the 2 pathways that the neural crest cells can migrate from?

Answer 13

1. The ventral pathway of the neural tube that form the dorsal root glial cells
2. Dorsolateral pathway that forms the melanocytes

Question 14

What happens after neural crest cell specification?

Answer 14

The pathway is decided by the dorsal neural tube

Question 15

Once near the developing gut trunk cells are attracted to the digestive tube what is activated?

Answer 15

Glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)

Question 16

What does GDNF bind to?

Answer 16

RET which is a receptor tyrosine kinase

Question 17

How does the melanoblasts from the trunk neural crest cells migrate along the ECM?

Answer 17

Upregulating the receptors for ephrin and endothelion

Question 18

What does ephrin activate?

Answer 18

Its own receptor EphB2 on the neural crest cell membrane

Question 19

How do the committed melanoblast precursors migrate?

Answer 19

By the kit receptor protein on the dorsolateral pathway

Question 20

What is the presumptive melanoblast?

Answer 20

Kit is found on the mouse neural crest cells which expresses MITF

Question 21

What does the Kit protein bind to?

Answer 21

Stem cell factor (SCF) which is made by the dermal cells

Question 22

What happens when SCF binds to kit?

Answer 22

It prevents apoptosis and leads to cell division

Question 23

What are rhombomeres?

Answer 23

These are segments of the hindbrain along the AP axis which compartmentalizes

Question 24

What are the 3 streams for the neural crest cells?

Answer 24

1. From the midbrain and rhombomeres 1 and 2 which migrate to the first pharyngeal arch
2. Rhombomere 4 populate the second pharyngeal arch and make the upper portion
3. Neural crest cell rhombomeres migrate into the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arch which makes the glands

Question 25

Where can neural crest cells not migrate?

Answer 25

Posterior portion of the sclerotome