Coding 17 Flashcards
What do the neural crest cells undergo?
EMT from the dorsal neural tube
What are the 4 main regions that the neural crest cells form?
- Cranial or cephalic neural crest
- Cardiac neural crest cells
- Cells of the trunk neural crest
- The vagal and sacral neural crest
What do the cranial neural crest cells do?
These cells migrate and form the cartilage of the face and bone and enter the pharyngeal arches
What do the cardiac neural crest cells do?
Form the artieries, heart, and connective tissue from the third, fourth, and sixth pharyngeal arches
What do the trunk neural crest cells do?
Migrate along the ventral-dorsal axis and the anteriro half of the somitic sclerotome to differentiate into the dorsal root ganglia and sensory neurons
What do the vagal and sacral neural crest cells do?
These cells generate the parasympathetic ganglia of the gut
Where do the trunk neural crest cells migrate?
To the regions where there is cartilage
What are the differences between the cranial and trunk neural crest cells?
The trunk can’t form bone
What are the similarities between the cranial and trunk neural crest cells?
- Both make melanocytes, neurons, and glia
- Multipotent
Relative to the neural tube when do the neural crest cells induce?
Before the neural tube migration
Where do the neural crest cells induce?
At the border between the presumptive neural plate and the presumptive epidermis
What is contact inhibition?
When the neural crest cells push each other out from the dorsal part of the neural tube
What are the 2 pathways that the neural crest cells can migrate from?
- The ventral pathway of the neural tube that form the dorsal root glial cells
- Dorsolateral pathway that forms the melanocytes
What happens after neural crest cell specification?
The pathway is decided by the dorsal neural tube
Once near the developing gut trunk cells are attracted to the digestive tube what is activated?
Glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)
What does GDNF bind to?
RET which is a receptor tyrosine kinase
How does the melanoblasts from the trunk neural crest cells migrate along the ECM?
Upregulating the receptors for ephrin and endothelion
What does ephrin activate?
Its own receptor EphB2 on the neural crest cell membrane
How do the committed melanoblast precursors migrate?
By the kit receptor protein on the dorsolateral pathway
What is the presumptive melanoblast?
Kit is found on the mouse neural crest cells which expresses MITF
What does the Kit protein bind to?
Stem cell factor (SCF) which is made by the dermal cells
What happens when SCF binds to kit?
It prevents apoptosis and leads to cell division
What are rhombomeres?
These are segments of the hindbrain along the AP axis which compartmentalizes
What are the 3 streams for the neural crest cells?
- From the midbrain and rhombomeres 1 and 2 which migrate to the first pharyngeal arch
- Rhombomere 4 populate the second pharyngeal arch and make the upper portion
- Neural crest cell rhombomeres migrate into the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arch which makes the glands
Where can neural crest cells not migrate?
Posterior portion of the sclerotome
