Coding 17 Flashcards

1
Q

What do the neural crest cells undergo?

A

EMT from the dorsal neural tube

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2
Q

What are the 4 main regions that the neural crest cells form?

A
  1. Cranial or cephalic neural crest
  2. Cardiac neural crest cells
  3. Cells of the trunk neural crest
  4. The vagal and sacral neural crest
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3
Q

What do the cranial neural crest cells do?

A

These cells migrate and form the cartilage of the face and bone and enter the pharyngeal arches

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4
Q

What do the cardiac neural crest cells do?

A

Form the artieries, heart, and connective tissue from the third, fourth, and sixth pharyngeal arches

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5
Q

What do the trunk neural crest cells do?

A

Migrate along the ventral-dorsal axis and the anteriro half of the somitic sclerotome to differentiate into the dorsal root ganglia and sensory neurons

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6
Q

What do the vagal and sacral neural crest cells do?

A

These cells generate the parasympathetic ganglia of the gut

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7
Q

Where do the trunk neural crest cells migrate?

A

To the regions where there is cartilage

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8
Q

What are the differences between the cranial and trunk neural crest cells?

A

The trunk can’t form bone

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9
Q

What are the similarities between the cranial and trunk neural crest cells?

A
  • Both make melanocytes, neurons, and glia
  • Multipotent
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10
Q

Relative to the neural tube when do the neural crest cells induce?

A

Before the neural tube migration

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11
Q

Where do the neural crest cells induce?

A

At the border between the presumptive neural plate and the presumptive epidermis

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12
Q

What is contact inhibition?

A

When the neural crest cells push each other out from the dorsal part of the neural tube

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13
Q

What are the 2 pathways that the neural crest cells can migrate from?

A
  1. The ventral pathway of the neural tube that form the dorsal root glial cells
  2. Dorsolateral pathway that forms the melanocytes
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14
Q

What happens after neural crest cell specification?

A

The pathway is decided by the dorsal neural tube

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15
Q

Once near the developing gut trunk cells are attracted to the digestive tube what is activated?

A

Glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)

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16
Q

What does GDNF bind to?

A

RET which is a receptor tyrosine kinase

17
Q

How does the melanoblasts from the trunk neural crest cells migrate along the ECM?

A

Upregulating the receptors for ephrin and endothelion

18
Q

What does ephrin activate?

A

Its own receptor EphB2 on the neural crest cell membrane

19
Q

How do the committed melanoblast precursors migrate?

A

By the kit receptor protein on the dorsolateral pathway

20
Q

What is the presumptive melanoblast?

A

Kit is found on the mouse neural crest cells which expresses MITF

21
Q

What does the Kit protein bind to?

A

Stem cell factor (SCF) which is made by the dermal cells

22
Q

What happens when SCF binds to kit?

A

It prevents apoptosis and leads to cell division

23
Q

What are rhombomeres?

A

These are segments of the hindbrain along the AP axis which compartmentalizes

24
Q

What are the 3 streams for the neural crest cells?

A
  1. From the midbrain and rhombomeres 1 and 2 which migrate to the first pharyngeal arch
  2. Rhombomere 4 populate the second pharyngeal arch and make the upper portion
  3. Neural crest cell rhombomeres migrate into the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arch which makes the glands
25
Q

Where can neural crest cells not migrate?

A

Posterior portion of the sclerotome