Coding 16 Flashcards
What does the neuralepithelial cell make?
The neural tube and the neural plate
What is the CNS surface also called?
The pial surface
What are the first multipotent neural stem cells to be made?
Neuroepithelial cells
When are neuroepithelial cells found?
In the early embryo
What are the 2 main functions of the radial glia cells?
- These cells are a major neural stem cell in the embryo, self-renewing, and multipotent
- These cells act as a scaffold for other neurons to migrate
What are the 3 layers of the orignial neural tube?
Marginal, intermediate, and ventricular zones
How do the other layers form from the ventricular zone?
The cells divide and migrate to make the mantle layer around the original neural tube
What is the marginal zone known as?
White matter
What is the mantle layer known as?
Grey matter
What is the ventricular layer known as?
The ependyma
What is symmetric stem cell division?
Either the stem cell divides and make 2 cells identical to the parent cell (self-renews) OR it makes 2 daughter cells that then differentiate into other cell types
What is asymmetric stem cell division?
When the stem cell divides into both 1 identical parent cell and 1 cell that is a differentiating daughter cell
What is a neuron’s birthday?
When neurons and glia cells are born at different times
Where do cells with the earliest birthday go?
They travel the shortest distance
Where do cells with later birthday go?
They travel to the superficial parts of the brain
Where is retinoic acid expressed?
In the anterior-posterior regions of the prefrontal cortex
Where does the birthday of the neuron happen?
In the intermediate zone
Where do the 6 layers of the cerebral cortex form?
The neocortex
What happened when a second notochord was transplanted?
- A second floor plate
- Motor neurons formed
Where does the BMP from the surface ectoderm (epidermis) signal?
The roof plate
Where does the SHH from the notochord signal?
The floor plate
What do the cranial neural crest cells make?
The face bone and cartilage
What do the trunk neural crest cells make?
Melanoblasts or dorsal root ganglia
What do the cardiac neural crest cells make?
The heart arteries, and the heart from pharygeal arches 3rd, 4th, and 6th
What do the vagal/sacral neural crest cells make?
Parasympathetic gut and the ganglia
What is delamination?
When the neural crest cells lose their ability to adhere
To make the dorsal root ganglia what do the neural crest cells repell?
ephrin (ligand form)
Where is the Eph?
On the neural crest cell membrane
How are the melanocytes formed?
When GDNF binds to KIT
