Coding 16

Question 1

What does the neuralepithelial cell make?

Answer 1

The neural tube and the neural plate

Question 2

What is the CNS surface also called?

Answer 2

The pial surface

Question 3

What are the first multipotent neural stem cells to be made?

Answer 3

Neuroepithelial cells

Question 4

When are neuroepithelial cells found?

Answer 4

In the early embryo

Question 5

What are the 2 main functions of the radial glia cells?

Answer 5

1. These cells are a major neural stem cell in the embryo, self-renewing, and multipotent
2. These cells act as a scaffold for other neurons to migrate

Question 6

What are the 3 layers of the orignial neural tube?

Answer 6

Marginal, intermediate, and ventricular zones

Question 7

How do the other layers form from the ventricular zone?

Answer 7

The cells divide and migrate to make the mantle layer around the original neural tube

Question 8

What is the marginal zone known as?

Answer 8

White matter

Question 9

What is the mantle layer known as?

Answer 9

Grey matter

Question 10

What is the ventricular layer known as?

Answer 10

The ependyma

Question 11

What is symmetric stem cell division?

Answer 11

Either the stem cell divides and make 2 cells identical to the parent cell (self-renews) OR it makes 2 daughter cells that then differentiate into other cell types

Question 12

What is asymmetric stem cell division?

Answer 12

When the stem cell divides into both 1 identical parent cell and 1 cell that is a differentiating daughter cell

Question 13

What is a neuron’s birthday?

Answer 13

When neurons and glia cells are born at different times

Question 14

Where do cells with the earliest birthday go?

Answer 14

They travel the shortest distance

Question 15

Where do cells with later birthday go?

Answer 15

They travel to the superficial parts of the brain

Question 16

Where is retinoic acid expressed?

Answer 16

In the anterior-posterior regions of the prefrontal cortex

Question 17

Where does the birthday of the neuron happen?

Answer 17

In the intermediate zone

Question 18

Where do the 6 layers of the cerebral cortex form?

Answer 18

The neocortex

Question 19

What happened when a second notochord was transplanted?

Answer 19

• A second floor plate
• Motor neurons formed

Question 20

Where does the BMP from the surface ectoderm (epidermis) signal?

Answer 20

The roof plate

Question 21

Where does the SHH from the notochord signal?

Answer 21

The floor plate

Question 22

What do the cranial neural crest cells make?

Answer 22

The face bone and cartilage

Question 23

What do the trunk neural crest cells make?

Answer 23

Melanoblasts or dorsal root ganglia

Question 24

What do the cardiac neural crest cells make?

Answer 24

The heart arteries, and the heart from pharygeal arches 3rd, 4th, and 6th

Question 25

What do the vagal/sacral neural crest cells make?

Answer 25

Parasympathetic gut and the ganglia

Question 26

What is delamination?

Answer 26

When the neural crest cells lose their ability to adhere

Question 27

To make the dorsal root ganglia what do the neural crest cells repell?

Answer 27

ephrin (ligand form)

Question 28

Where is the Eph?

Answer 28

On the neural crest cell membrane

Question 29

How are the melanocytes formed?

Answer 29

When GDNF binds to KIT