Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AS/A-Level Geography > COASTS: Coastal Processes > Flashcards

COASTS: Coastal Processes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

What are the processes of erosion?

A
  1. Abrasion (corrasion)
  2. Hydraulic action
  3. Cavitation
  4. Wave quarrying
  5. Solution (corrosion)
  6. Attrition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Abrasion (corrasion)

A

Rock and sediment transported by the waves smash against he rocks and cliffs, breaking bits off and smoothing the surfaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hydraulic action

A

Air in cracks in cliffs is compressed when waves crash in.

Pressure exerted by the compressed air breaks off rock pieces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cavitation

A

As waves recede, the compressed air expands violently, again exerting pressure on the rock and causing pieces to break off.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Wave quarrying

A

The energy of a wave as it breaks against a cliff is enough to detach rock.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Solution (corrosion)

A

Soluble rocks get gradually dissolved by the seawater.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Attrition

A

Rock and sediment in the water smash against each other and breaks into smaller pieces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rock and sediment transported by the waves smash against he rocks and cliffs, breaking bits off and smoothing the surfaces.

A

Abrasion (corrasion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Air in cracks in cliffs is compressed when waves crash in.

Pressure exerted by the compressed air breaks off rock pieces.

A

Hydraulic action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

As waves recede, the compressed air expands violently, again exerting pressure on the rock and causing pieces to break off.

A

Cavitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The energy of a wave as it breaks against a cliff is enough to detach rock.

A

Wave quarrying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Soluble rocks get gradually dissolved by the seawater.

A

Solution (corrosion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rock and sediment in the water smash against each other and breaks into smaller pieces.

A

Attrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the processes of transportation?

A
  1. Solution
  2. Saltation
  3. Suspension
  4. Traction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Solution

A

Substances dissolve and are carried along in the water.

Eg. limestone dissolved in acidic water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Saltation

A

The force of the water causes larger particles to bounce along the sea bed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Suspension

A

Very fine material is whipped by turbulence and carried in the water.

Most common transportation in coastal systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Traction

A

Large particles are pushed along the sea bed by the force of water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Substances dissolve and are carried along in the water.

Eg. limestone dissolved in acidic water.

A

Solution

20
Q

The force of the water causes larger particles to bounce along the sea bed.

A

Saltation

21
Q

Very fine material is whipped by turbulence and carried in the water.

Most common transportation in coastal systems.

A

Suspension

22
Q

Large particles are pushed along the sea bed by the force of water.

A

Traction

23
Q

Marine deposition

A

Sediment carred by seawater is deposited.

24
Q

Aeolion depostion

A

Sediment carried by the wind is deposited.

25
Q

Give two reasons why wind or water might slow down:

A
  1. Friction increases
  2. Flows becomes turbulent
26
Q

Sub-aerial weathering

A

The gradual break down or rock by agents such as ice, salt, plants roots and acids.

27
Q

What are the different types of weathering?

A

Chemical

Mechanical

Biological

28
Q

What are the different types of chemical weathering?

A

Carbonation

Oxidation

29
Q

What are the different type of mechanical weathering?

A

Freeze-thaw

Salt crystallisation

Wetting and drying

Exfoliation

30
Q

Biological weathering

A

Growing plant roots widen cracks.

31
Q

Sub-aerial processes

A

Land based processes that consist of weathering and mass movement.

32
Q

Carbonation

A

Sea and rain absorb carbon dioxide forming carbonic acid which then dissolves the calcium carbonate in rocks, such as limestone or chalk, into calcium bicarbonate.

33
Q

Oxidation

A

Rocks containing iron (ferrous) compounds experience this when turned into a ferric state when oxygen and water are available, leading to disintergration.

34
Q

Salt crystallisation

A
  • Saline (salty) water enters pores or cracks in rocks at high tide.
  • As the tide goes out the rocks dry and water evaporates.
  • Salt crystals form and expand.
  • Puts pressure on the rock causing pieces to break off.
35
Q

Chemical weathering

A

The breakdown of rock by changing its chemical composition.

36
Q

Freeze-thaw

A
  • Water enters the joints and crevices in rocks.
  • When temperature drops below 0oC, this water freezes and expands.
  • Overtime, repeated freeze-thaw action weakend the rocks and causes pieces to fall off.
37
Q

Wetting and drying

A
  • Clay/shale expands when wet and contracts when dry.
  • Creates cracks that are vulnerable.
  • Fragments break off.
38
Q

Exfoliation

A
  • Rock under considerable heat will expand.
  • Sea cools this rock causing rapid contraction.
  • This repeated process causes the outer layer to crack and peel off.
39
Q

Mass movement

A

The shifting of material downhill due to gravity.

40
Q

When is freeze-thaw weathering likely to occur?

A

In areas where temperatures fluctuate above and below freezing.

41
Q

When is mass movement most likely to occur in coastal areas?

A

When the cliffs are undercut by wave action causing an unsupported overhang.

42
Q

Give some examples of mass movement:

A

Soil creep

Rotational slumping

Rock falls

Landslides

Mudflows

Runoff

43
Q

Soil creep

A

Slow, gradual movement of material downhill.

44
Q

Rotational slumping

A

Material shifts down with a rotation.

45
Q

What is rotational slumping caused by?

A
  • Heavy rain infiltrates unconsolidated soil.
  • Impermeable soil layer traps water - adds weight.
  • Undercutting causes collapse on slip plane.
46
Q

What type of rocks are prone to collapse?

Why?

A

Unconsolidated rocks.

There is little friction between particles to hold them together.

AS/A-Level Geography (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions