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MH-60R HAC PREP > CNAF M-3710.7 > Flashcards

CNAF M-3710.7 Flashcards

1
Q

Official Title of CNAF M-3710.7

A

NATOPS General Flight and Operating Instructions Manual

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2
Q

Purpose

A

This manual prescribes general flight and operating instructions and procedures applicable to the operation of all naval aircraft and related activities. This manual is not intended to cover every contingency that may arise and every rule of safety and good practice.

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3
Q

FAR Exemptions

A

Naval aircraft shall be operated in accordance with applicable provisions of FAR, Part 91, except:

  1. Where CNAF prescribes more stringent requirements.
  2. Where exemptions or authorizations issued to Department of the Navy/DOD permit deviation from FAR.
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4
Q

Exemptions that apply to MH-60R:

  1. VFR Cruising Altitude
  2. IFR Cruising Altitude or FL
  3. Aircraft Lighting
A
  1. Allows flight at altitudes other than prescribed in section 91.159(a) while engaged in drug interdiction operations
  2. Only to the extent necessary to obtain positive ID of a suspect aircraft and maintain visual contact with that aircraft
  3. Provided the aircraft has a dedicated on-board observer (other than pilot) to watch for other air traffic, and the aircraft has an operating transponder with Mode C
  4. Exemption from altitudes to be maintained in uncontrolled airspace to conduct MTRs
  5. Exemption to DOD aircraft in drug interdiction operations provided they have an onboard observer plus an additional resource to detect all aircraft operating in the vicinity
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5
Q

Alternate Airport Requirements

A

Destination Weather ETA +/- 1 hour –
Alternate Weather ETA +/- 1 hour

  1. 0-0 up to but not including published minimums –
    3000-3
  2. Published mins but not up to 3000-3 (single-pilot helo absolute mins 200-1/4) –
    Non Precision: mins + 300-1
    Precision: mins + 200-1/2
  3. 3000-3 or better –
    no alternate required

If alternate is required, it shall have the published approach compatible with installed operable aircraft navigation equipment that can be flown without the use of two-way radio communication whenever either:

a) destination lacks the above approach (i.e. only PAR)
b) weather at the alternate is below 3000-3 +/- 1 hour of ETA

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6
Q

Flight Authorization for Emergency and Humanitarian Operations

A

Naval aircraft operations are authorized in emergency such as forest fires, search, rescue, major calamities, and for humanitarian reasons involving life-threatening circumstances.

Notification of the operation shall be made to CNO or CMC as appropriate and the responsible local commander BUT without delaying action when time is an essential factor

Squadron commanders and OICs will operate under the direction of assigned JTF commanders per combatant commander policy/guidance

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7
Q

Nonessential Flights

A

Use of aircraft for nonessential flights shall not be authorized. Any flight open to misinterpretation by the public shall be avoided. To include:

  1. Flights of routine business nature for which commercial or other military transportation could be more economically suited.
  2. Flights for an officer or group of officers for the sole purpose of which is the convenience and/or prestige of the officers concerned and no t the performance of official business or accomplishment of bona fide training.
  3. Repeated flights to the hometown area of flight personnel concerned.
  4. Flights coinciding with major sports events or civic celebrations.
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8
Q

Flight Schedule

  1. Who approves
  2. Includes:
A
  1. Shall be approved by reporting custodian authority or commander exercising operational control.
  2. Includes:
    - Name/flight function of all flight personnel
    - Designate PIC/mission commander, form lead as required
    - CoC for form flights in case lead drops out
    - Aircraft model
    - TMR codes
    - Point of departure/destination and any en-route stopover points
    - Date/ETD
    - ETE or ETA
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9
Q

Taxiing Restriction

A

No one shall be permitted to taxi in a helicopter except those persons who are authorized to fly helicopters.

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10
Q

Civilian Airfields

A

Naval aircraft are permitted to operate at civilian airfields listed in the DOD Enroute Supplement when operations contribute to mission accomplishment, add value to training, or are otherwise in the interest of the government and taxpayers.

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11
Q

Remain Overnight (RON)

A

Civilian airfields shall not be used for RON unless required for mission accomplishment, in such cases approval from wing/group commander is required.

RON is authorized if required for aircraft maintenance or following an emergency divert.

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12
Q

Authorized Airfields and Landing Areas for Training

A
  • Commanding officers, wing/group commanders and base commanders may designate airfields or landing areas for routine training
  • Local area flight plans need not specifically indicate planned operations at these facilities
  • Unit or local commanders shall ensure that standardized procedures, course rules and guidance are set forth to ensure safe operations
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13
Q

Airfield Operations Outside Published Hours / Closed Tower Ops

A

Commanding officers of airfields are authorized to extend airfield operating hours beyond those published in the airport facility directory without opening the control tower.

Naval aircraft are permitted to operate from a closed control tower airfield when both the aircraft reporting custodian (unit commander) and commanding officer of the airfield have specifically authorized such operations.

Naval aircraft are permitted to operate from a closed tower airfield without the crash crew being present with concurrence of the reporting custodian and commanding officer of the airfield

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14
Q

Closed Airfields

A

All naval aircraft are prohibited from taking off or landing at closed airfield except in case of an emergency

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15
Q

Other-than-Airfield Landing Areas (MSL)

A
  1. A MILITARY requirement exists for such a landing
  2. Adequate SAFEGUARDS are taken to permit safe landing and takeoff operations without hazard to people or property
  3. No LEGAL objections to landing at such non-airfield sites
    * NOTE* CO can waive the provisions when the helicopter is engaged in SAR operations
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16
Q

Autorotation Requirements

A

Practice autos shall be conducted:
- within the limits of the field boundary over a surface upon which a full autorotation can be safely completed

  • that is readily accessible to crash, rescue and firefighting equipment
  • practice autos shall require specific approval of the tower
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17
Q

Position Lights

A

Shall be displayed during the period 30 min before official sunset until 30 min after official sunrise or at any time when prevailing visibility as seen from the cockpit is less than 3 statute miles.

Shall be displayed when:
1. Immediately before engine start and anytime the engine is running.

  1. When the aircraft is being towed unless the aircraft is otherwise illuminated.
  2. When an aircraft is parked and likely to cause a hazard unless otherwise illuminated or marked with obstruction lights.
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18
Q

Anti-Collision Lights

A

Shall be used immediately before engine start and at all times when the aircraft engine(s) are in operation, except when the use of such lights adversely affects ground operations (e.g. during arming/dearming, refueling, etc.).

May be turned off during flight through clouds when the rotating light reflects into the cockpit.

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19
Q

Landing/Taxi Lights

A

Should be used for all taxi movements ashore during hours of darkness unless a taxi signalman is directing the aircraft.

Use of these lights during landing approaches (day and night) in Class B, C, and D airspace is recommended when meteorological conditions permit.

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20
Q

Orientations Flights

A

Typically one time events for selected participants in a particular model aircraft. Shall not be used to circumvent normal training requirements for individuals required to fly multiple flights in naval aircraft.

Orientation flights for midshipmen participating in official training programs are an exception and may involve multiple flights.

Standalone events that are specifically authorized, sanctioned and planned to accomplish the following:
1. Familiarize them with an aircraft, its operation, capabilities, requirements, concept of employment or limitations.

  1. Familiarize them with a base or complex from the air for official purposes other than merely sightseeing or goodwill.
  2. Allow FAA personnel to perform official functions that require their infrequent embarkation on naval aircraft.
  3. Perform other military duties not assigned to the flight crew.
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21
Q

Safety Belts

A

Shall be worn and tightened prior to takeoff and shall be worn until completion of the flight except when necessary activities require temporary removal.

Inertial reels shall be manually locked for takeoff and landings except where the procedure is detrimental to safety/safe operation.

Number of pax over 2 years of age embarked on naval aircraft shall be restricted to the number for which there are adequate seats and safety belts.

During takeoffs, landings and at other times specified by PIC, each person over 2 years shall occupy a seat or berth and be secured with the safety belt provided for that purpose.

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22
Q

Cabin Seating

A

Seating may be eliminated when operational environment or aircraft configuration/load requirements dictate for the accomplishment of essential training and operations with following guidelines:
1. SPECOPS training and missions.

  1. Dedicated lifesaving efforts, including humanitarian and SAR operations.
  2. Not to be used for routine operational training or personnel transfers (applies only when tactical or procedural requirements exist for a specific mission or exercise.
  3. When seats are removed, pax will be restrained by an appropriate alternate means.
  4. If mission profile requires removal of seats/seatbelts/restraints for one part of the mission, then pax will, if possible, use seats/belts/restraints for all other phases of the mission.
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23
Q

Passengers in Taxiing Aircraft

A

No person shall be carried in a taxiing aircraft as a passenger unless such person is authorized to fly in it or has been authorized by a competent authority to be embarked therein.

24
Q

Embarkation of Passengers

A

No person shall be enplaned as a passenger not shall any cargo be embarked on a naval aircraft unless authorization has been granted by a competent authority.

25
Q

Overwater Passenger Transfer at Night

A

Subject to following restrictions:
1. Ship launches and recoveries shall be made during daylight hours. This constraint may be waived by the Strike Group commander, Amphibious Squadron commander, Marine Air Task Force commander (MAGTAF) or Officer in Tactical Command (OTC) in cases of operational necessity.

  1. In cases of MEDEVAC, a qualified medical attendant who is current in approved water survival training (non-aircrew underwater emergency egress as a min) and has been properly briefed on emergency egress procedures for that aircraft, may be transferred at night with approval from ship’s CO.
  2. This does not preclude troop movement in support of amphibious exercises, VBSS level III operations, or SPECOPS training and operational missions.
26
Q

Air Transport Exception for Personnel/Equipment

A

PIC/mission commander (while absent from home unit) may authorize air transport for personnel/equipment not otherwise qualified for government transport when required for successful prosecution of a SAR, MEDEVA, or disaster relief mission.

This authority shall only be exercised when all practical means of obtaining authorization from competent authority have proven unsuccessful or unavailable. Appropriate authority shall be notified of such transport as soon as practicable.

27
Q

Passenger Briefing

A

PIC shall ensure that prior to takeoff, flight personnel and pax are adequately instructed on personal safety and survival equipment and procedures.

Pilots are released from briefing responsibilities when engaged in:
1. SAR missions.

  1. Transporting large troop contingents, reconnaissance parties, patrols, and outposts during field problems or when no opportunity is provided for the aircraft to be shut down after embarkation.
  2. Shipboard operations when landings are precluded.

**Under such circumstances, briefing shall be the responsibility of the cognizant local commander(s).

28
Q

Flight Plan

A

Shall be submitted for all flights in a naval aircraft except:
a) Flights of operational necessity.

b) Student training flights under CNATRA conducted within authorized training areas.

29
Q

Preflight Planning (DRAFTNW)

A

PIC shall be familiar with all available information appropriate to intended operation. Such information shall include but is not limited to:

DELAYS (any anticipated traffic delays)
RISK assessment (prior to flight)
ALTERNATES available
FUEL requirements
TERMINAL instrument procedures (to include non-DOD)
NOTAMS
WEATHER reports and forecasts
30
Q

Submission of Flight Plan (ANGWIMPS)

A

PIC/form leader is responsible for compliance:

AUTHORIZED
NOTAMS (adequate flight planning data, including NOTAMS has been completed for complete and accurate planning)
GOVERNING directives (fuel/wx requirements)
WEATHER (each pilot in form received wx brief)
INSTRUMENT (each pilot/PIC possesses valid instrument rating if any portion of flight to be conducted under IMC or in positive control)
MANIFEST (pax been properly briefed/manifested)
PROPER (weight and balance forms on file)
SAFE (PIC acknowledges responsibility for safe and orderly conduct of the flight)

31
Q

Special VFR

A

Requirements WITHIN controlled airspace:
1. Pilot must obtain authorization from ATC.

  1. Ceiling must be at least 500ft with min visibility of 1sm (aviation CO’s in CoC may authorize helo special VFR in less for operational necessity).
  2. Aircraft must remain clear of clouds.
  3. Pilot and aircraft must be certified for instrument flight.

OUTSIDE controlled airspace:
- Helicopters may be operated below 1200ft AGL, clear of clouds, when visibility is less than 1sm if operated at an airspeed that allows the pilot adequate opportunity to see and avoid traffic and maintain obstacle clearance.

32
Q

Noise Sensitive Areas

A

Examples include: breeding farms, resorts, beaches, and those areas designated by US Dept of Interior as national parks, national monuments, and recreational areas.

Shall be avoided when at altitudes of less than 3000ft AGL except when in compliance with an approved:
1. Traffic or approach pattern

  1. VR or IR route.
  2. Special Use Airspace
33
Q

Fuel Dumping

A

Whenever practicable, shall not be dumped below 6000ft AGL.

Should weather or emergency conditions dictate dumping lower, every effort shall be made to avoid populated areas.

When under positive control, PIC should advise ATC fuel will be jettisoned.

34
Q

Minimum Altitudes

A
  1. When outside controlled airspace, shall not fly lower than 1000ft above the highest terrain, surface of the water or obstacle within 22 miles of intended route of flight.
  2. When inside controlled airspace, shall not fly lower than minimum enroute altitude or specified altitude. Whe no other guidance is given, helos shall not exceed 500ft AGL unless specifically cleared by tower.
  3. In mountainous terrain, aircraft shall not be flown less than 2000ft above highest terrain or obstacle within 22 miles of intended route of flight.
35
Q

Night Hover Operations

A

Night/low visibility hover ops shall be conducted using operable automatic hover systems when a natural horizon is not visible from the cockpit.

36
Q

Minimum Instrument Flight Equipment (PATCANHAVMD)

A

PITOT heater and vacuum pressure/electrical source for pilot instruments
AIRSPEED indicator
TURN-slip indicator
CLOCK displaying hours, min, sec
ALTIMETER
NAV lights
HEADING indicator or gyrostabilized mag compass
ATTITUDE indicator
VSI
MAGNETIC compass with current calibration card
DEICING/icing control equip for sustained or continuous flight into known or forecast icing conditions

37
Q

Violations of Flying Regulations and Mishap Info

  1. Handling/forwarding
  2. Time limits
A
  1. Reports of alleged violations received from the FAA will be forwarded to CNAF and be processed as major infractions (general public, congressional or service interest)

Major infractions are those than cannot be resolved administratively at the command level.

Responsibility to conduct investigation into alleged violation belongs to immediate superior in CoC of individual involved.

Authority to issue flight violation lies solely with CNO

  1. Time limits:
    - INVESTIGATING UNIT: 14 days from receipt
    - EACH INTERMEDIATE COMMAND: 7 days from receipt

Each report will reach final addressee within 60 days except when:
1. When commander cannot complete investigation within above time schedule; commander will notify final addressee of reason for delay and estimate of when investigation will be forwarded.

  1. When FENAB proceedings are involved; does not relieve command of requirement to complete JAGMAN investigation.
  2. A command takes UCMJ action as a result of the flying violation. Commander will promptly forward report of investigation and inform final addressee of pending action.

Final addressee is CNAF

38
Q

Instrument Navigation Packet

A

Minimum required articles:

  1. Appropriate FLIPS
  2. Navigation computer
  3. Navigation flight log forms
  4. Appropriate aeronautical charts
39
Q

Pilot in Command (PIC)

A

Responsible for safe and orderly conduct of the flight and the well being of the crew.

40
Q

PIC Mission Responsibilities

A

In absence of direct orders from higher authority cognizant of the mission, responsibility for starting or continuing a mission with respect to weather or any other condition affecting safety of aircraft rests with PIC.

41
Q

Transferring PIC

A

Shall not be transferred during flight.

Shall not be transferred to another individual except as required by EMERGENCY, OPERATIONAL NECESSITY, or as DIRECTED BY CO of the unit to which aircraft is attached.

42
Q

PIC Authority

A

Independent of rank or seniority in relation to the other persons participating in the mission or flight except:
1. OTC embarked: Wing, group or squadron commander, if embarked on a mission involving aircraft of their command, retails full responsibility and authority regarding command, including the mission in which participating.

  1. Flag or General Officer embarked: PIC of an aircraft with a flag or general officer eligible for command at sea or in the field embarked as a passenger shall be subject to the orders of such officer in accordance with US Navy Regulations. When such an embarked passenger exercises authority to command an aircraft, that passenger assumes full responsibility for the safe and orderly conduct of the flight. The embarked passenger shall give due consideration to the judgement of the PIC regarding items of flight safety. Flying rule violations, accident reports, and other actions arising out of the flight will be referred to the embarked passenger as the responsible commander of the aircraft.
43
Q

Aircraft Commander Requirement for Flights

A

Shall be designated for following multi-piloted missions:

  1. Operational/tactical missions
  2. Administrative missions in helicopters
  3. Training flights, except those that are within the capabilities of pilots of lower classification and which, in the opinion of the CO, are best suited to teach pilots self-reliance and command responsibility.
  4. Transport of passengers involved
44
Q

HAC Requirements

A
  1. Have completed the requirements for and possess to an advance degree the knowledge, proficiency and capabilities of a 2nd pilot.
  2. Have a minimum of 500 flight hours.
  3. Have 150 flight hours in rotary-wing aircraft.
  4. Have pilot hours in class and model required by CO or higher authority and demonstrate the proficiency and judgement required to ensure the successful accomplishment of all tasks of the unit mission.
  5. Demonstrate the ability to command and train officers and enlisted members of the flight crew.
  6. Demonstrate the qualities of leadership required to conduct advanced base or detached unit operations as officer in charge when such duty is required as part of the unit’s mission or method of operation.
45
Q

Anti-Exposure Suits

A

Final determination to actual wearing of anti-exposure suits shall be made by the CO or OIC of aviation unit concerned.

Shall be worn when in the event of a mishap there would be a significant risk of water entry and either of the following two conditions prevail:

  1. Water temp is 50*F or below
  2. OAT is 32*F or below (based on wind chill factor)

Between 50-60*F, the CO must determine whether anti-exposure suits are necessary based on probably rescue time, water temp, and OAT with wind chill.

46
Q

Rescue Helicopter Over Water

A

If primary mission, shall have one air crewman completely outfitted for water entry who has completed an approved CNO/CMC rescue swimmers school.

NOTE Where SAR/plane guard is briefed as primary mission, or when it becomes primary mission, rescue air crewman shall be prepared for immediate water entry.

47
Q

Life Rafts

A

Sufficient capacity to accommodate pax and crew shall be provided in all aircraft when there would be a significant risk of water entry in the event of a mishap.

48
Q

Oxygen Use

A

In aircraft where oxygen is not available, must be mission essential for flight altitude to exceed 10,000ft. Time above 10,000ft shall not exceed 1 hour and altitude shall not exceed 12,000ft.

49
Q

Crew Rest

A

Non-duty time before flight duty period begins.

Includes time for meals, transportation, and rest and must include an opportunity for 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep for every 24 hour period.

Flight crew should not be scheduled for continuous alert (required awake) and or flight duty in excess of 18 hours. If this becomes necessary, 15 hours of continuous off duty time shall be provided prior to scheduling the member for flight duties.

NOTE After 18 hours, performance efficiency rapidly declines to 75% or less.

50
Q

Drugs

A

Over-the-counter use is prohibited unless approved by a flight surgeon.

Consumption of alcohol 12 hours prior to flight planning is prohibited. In addition, flight crew members shall ensure they are free of hangover effects prior to flight.

51
Q

Pregnancy

A

Disqualifying from flight duties (may request waiver up to 3rd trimester). Cannot fly with SNAs.

52
Q

Crew Resource Management (CRM)

A

The use of specifically designed behavioral skills as an integral part of every flight to improve mission effectiveness by minimizing crew preventable errors, maximizing crew coordination, and optimizing risk management.

53
Q

CRM Skills (DAMCLAS)

A

DECISION MAKING: ability to choose a course of action using logical and sound judgement based on available information

ASSERTIVENESS: individual’s willingness to actively participate, state and maintain a position until convinced by the facts that the other options are better

MISSION ANALYSIS: ability to develop short-term, long-term and contingency plans and to coordinate, allocate, and monitor crew and aircraft resources

COMMUNICATION: ability to clearly and accurately send and acknowledge information, instructions, or commands and provide useful feedback.

LEADERSHIP: ability to direct and coordinate the activities of other crew members or wingmen, and to encourage crew to work together as a team. 2 types:

a) designated - authority, crew position, rank or title
b) functional - knowledge or expertise (temporary, situational leadership)

ADAPTABILITY/FLEXIBILITY: ability to alter course of action based on new information, maintain constructive behavior under pressure and adapt to internal/external environmental changes

SITUATIONAL AWARENESS: degree of accuracy by which one’s perception of the current environment mirrors reality

54
Q

Operational Risk Management (ORM)

A

Systematic decision-making process used to identify and manage hazards that endanger naval resources.

55
Q

Three Levels of ORM

A

TIME-CRITICAL: quick mental review of 5-step process when time does not allow for any more (e.g. in flight mission/situational changes)

DELIBERATE: experience or brainstorming are used to identify hazards and is best done in groups (e.g. aircraft moves, fly on/off)

IN-DEPTH: more substantial tools are used to thoroughly study the hazards and their associated risk in complex operations (e.g. weapons employment)

56
Q

Four Principles of ORM

A
  1. Accept risk when benefits outweigh the costs.
  2. Accept no unnecessary risk.
  3. Anticipate and manage risk by planning.
  4. Make risk decisions at the right level.
57
Q

Five-Step ORM Process (IAMIS)

A
  1. IDENTIFY hazards.
  2. ASSESS hazards.
  3. MAKE risk decisions.
  4. IMPLEMENT controls.
  5. SUPERVISE and watch for change.

MH-60R HAC PREP (36 decks)

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