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Renal > Clinical Descriptions in Renal > Flashcards

Clinical Descriptions in Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Non infective inflammation of glomerulus, can be primary or secondary

A

Glomerulunephritis

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2
Q

Bacterial infection of renal pelvis, calyces, tubule and interstitium

A

Pyelonephritis

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3
Q

What is the most common organism causing pyelonephritis?

A

E.coli

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4
Q

Tuberculous pyelonephritis?

A

haemotgenous spread, usually from lung, typical caeseating granulomatous formation

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5
Q

acute inflammation of bladder

A

cystitis

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6
Q

dilatation of pelvicalcyeal system, with parenchymal atrophy

A

hydronephrosis

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7
Q

Main causes of hydronephrosis?

A

urinary tract obstruction and reflux

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8
Q

abscence of one or both kidneys

A

agenesis

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9
Q

small kidneys but with normal developemtn

A

hypoplasia

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10
Q

Fusion at either pole (usually lower)

A

horseshoe kidney

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11
Q

Very common, usually doesnt cause any functional disease, often incidental finding

A

simple cysts

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12
Q

can be recessive or dominant (more common), causes renal enlargement and cysts

A

polycystic kidney disease

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13
Q

common, white nodules, medullary origin

A

fibroma

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14
Q

yellowish nodules, less than 2cm, cortical origin

A

adenoma

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15
Q

Mix of fat, muscle and blood vessels, can be multiple and bilateral, associated with tuberous scleoriris

A

angiomyolipoma

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16
Q

Production of renin causes secondary hypertension from this

A

JGCT

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17
Q

Production of renin causes secondary hypertension from this

A

JGCT (juxtaglomerular cell tumour)

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18
Q

tumour of renal pelvis and calcyces

A

urothelial carcinomas

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19
Q

commonest primary renal tumour in adults, more common in males, clear cell cancer

A

renal cell carcinoma

20
Q

benign renal masses

A

oncocytoma

21
Q

occurs in transitional epithelium, makes up 90% of bladder tumours

A

transitional cell tumours

22
Q

extrovesion, glandular metplasia, urachal remnants

A

adenocarcinoma

23
Q

commonest malignant bladder tumour in children

A

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

24
Q

occurs in uncircumcised men, related to poort hygeine and HPV

A

SCC of penis

25
Q

Complication of BPH, can be spontaneous or precipitated

A

acute urinary retention

26
Q

dramatic urine output following obstruction

A

post-obstructive diuresis

27
Q

formed when urine is supersaturated with salt and minerals

A

renal calculus

28
Q

Most common in puberty, can occur with trauma or athletic activity, but usually random

A

torsion of spermatic cord

29
Q

Rare in kids, may be difficult to distinguish from testicular torsion

A

epididymitis

30
Q

often happens after foreskin is retracted for catherization and staff members forget to replace it

A

paraphimosis

31
Q

prolonged erection (more than 4 hrs)

A

priapism

32
Q

form of necrotizing fasciitis occuring in male genitals

A

Fournier’s gangrene

33
Q

acute necrotizing parenchymal and perirenal infection caused by gas forming uropathogens, usually e.coli, usually occuring in diabetics

A

emphysematous pyelonephritis

34
Q

usually resulting from rupture of acute cortical abscess into perinephric space, or from haemotgenous spread from infection

A

perinephric abscess

35
Q

injury commonly associated with pelvic fracture

A

bladder injury

36
Q

injury associated with fracture of pubic rami

A

urethral injury

37
Q

typically happens during intercourse, buckling injury when penis slips out of vagina and strikes pubic

A

penile fracture

38
Q

Increase in size of prostate, without malignancy

A

BPH

39
Q

Most common cancer affecting men in UK

A

prostate cancer

40
Q

90% are transitional cell

A

bladder cancer

41
Q

Pre malignant lesions causing white patches and fissuring etc at glans/prepuce

A

balanitis xerotica obliterans

42
Q

Erythroplasia of glands, prepuce or shaft of penis

A

SCC of penis

43
Q

urine leaking by extraurethral route

A

overflow incontinence

44
Q

may be due to detrusor overactivity, causes frequency and small voided columes

A

urge incontinence

45
Q

Urine leaks when there is increased abdo pressure, due to damaged floow or urethral

A

stress incontinence

46
Q

combination of stress and urge incontinence

A

mixed incontinence

Renal (24 decks)

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