Anatomy of Lower Renal Tract

Question 1

What is the false pelvis?

Answer 1

from iliac crests to pelvic inlets

Question 2

What is the true pelvis?

Answer 2

from pelvic inlet to pelvic floor

Question 3

Where is the bladder?

Answer 3

pelvic cavity

Question 4

What are the pelvic floor muscles?

Answer 4

levator ani

Question 5

What does the urethra pass through to get to the perineum

Answer 5

pelvic floor

Question 6

What is the pelvic floor formed from?

Answer 6

bowl shaped pelvic diaphragm

Question 7

What is the perineum?

Answer 7

perineum is shallow compartment

between pelvic floor and skin

Question 8

Do the ureters pass posterior or anterior to the common iliac vessels to enter the pelvis?

Answer 8

ANTERIOR

Question 9

What happens to the ureters at the level of the ischial spine?

Answer 9

they turn medially to enter the posterior aspect of the bladder

Question 10

Is the route of the pelvic ureter completely “sub”peritoneal?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Why do the ureters enter the posterior bladder wall in an inferomedial direction?

Answer 11

helps prevent reflux of urine back into the ureters when the bladder contracts

Question 12

In females the ureter enters bladder how?

Answer 12

by passing under the uterine artery

“water under the bridge”

Question 13

The uterine artery is a branch of what?

Answer 13

internal iliac

Question 14

What does the internal iliac give branches to?

Answer 14

pelvic organs, gluteal region and perineum

Question 15

What is the trigone in the bladder?

Answer 15

triangle shape on internal aspect
2 ureteric orifices
internal urethral orifice

Question 16

The bladder wall is formed mainly by what?

Answer 16

detrusor muscle

Question 17

What happens to the detrusor muscle when the bladder contracts to prevent reflux of urine?

Answer 17

fibres encircle ureteric orifices & tighten

Question 18

What does the detrusor muscle forms around neck of male bladder?

Answer 18

internal urethral sphincter muscle

Question 19

When does the internal urethral sphincter muscle contract?

Answer 19

contracts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation

Question 20

In the female, the body of uterus usually lies superior to the bladder in what position?

Answer 20

anteflexed

Question 21

What separates the body of the uterus from the bladder?

Answer 21

uterovesical pouch

Question 22

What takes the weight of the uterus?

Answer 22

bladder

Question 23

Where does the prostate gland lie in relation to the bladder?

Answer 23

inferior

Question 24

What kind of bladder extends out of the pelvis?

Answer 24

a full one

Question 25

What are the 2 routes of catheterizing a patient’s bladder?

Answer 25

urethral (more common)

suprapubic (through anterior abdominal wall, avoiding peritoneal cavity)

Question 26

How long is the female urethra?

Answer 26

approx. 4cm

Question 27

Is the external urethral sphincter voluntary?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

How long is the male urethra?

Answer 28

approx. 20cm

Question 29

What sac do the testis sit in?

Answer 29

tunica vaginalis

Question 30

Where can the epididymis be palpated?

Answer 30

at posterior aspect of testis

Question 31

Where can the vas deferens be palpated?

Answer 31

within the spermatic cord

Question 32

What is posterior and transmits the deep arteries of penis?

Answer 32

corpus cavernosum

Question 33

What is anterior and transmits the spongy urethra of penis? What does it expand distally to form?

Answer 33

corpus spongiosum,

expands distally to forms the glans

Question 34

Retraction of the prepuce can constrict the neck of the glans causing the glans to swell - what is this called?

Answer 34

paraphimosis