Acute Kidney Injury

Question 1

What is AKI defined as?

Answer 1

increase in srum creatinine by 50% or an absolute increase
OR
Reduction in urine output

Question 2

Prerenal causes of AKI?

Answer 2

hypovolaemia
hypotension
renal hypoperfusion

Question 3

Which drugs may cause renal hypoperfusion?

Answer 3

Ace Is
NSAIDs
Cox-2

Question 4

What is oliguria?

Answer 4

less than normal urine output

Question 5

What can pre renal AKI develop into if left untreated?

Answer 5

Acute Tubular Necrosis

Question 6

What is the commonest form of AKI?

Answer 6

acute tubular necrosis

Question 7

What can cause acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 7

sepsis
severe dehydration
rhabdomyolysis

Question 8

What should you NOT use for treating hypovolaemia in pre renal AKI?

Answer 8

5% dextrose

Question 9

Give 4 main causes of renal AKI.

Answer 9

• Vascular
• Glomerular
• Interstitial Nephritis (drugs, TB, sarcoid)
• Tubular Injury

Question 10

Signs of renal AKI?

Answer 10

itch, D and V, haemoptysis, sore throat, vascular bruits

Question 11

What are causes of post renal AKI?

Answer 11

obstruction (stones, strictures, cancer)

Question 12

What does post renal AKI look like on CT or US?

Answer 12

dilated renal pelvis

Question 13

How do you treat post renal AKI?

Answer 13

relieve obstruction with catheter/nephrostomy

Question 14

What can hyperkalaemia cause?

Answer 14

muscle weakness

cardiac arrhythmias

Question 15

What should be given to prevent cardiac arrhythmias in patients witih K+++

Answer 15

calcium gluconate

Question 16

Does dialysis alter the course of AKI?

Answer 16

no, just clears toxins