CLASSIFICATION OF PREOPERATIVE MEDICATIONS

Question 1

1. SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS & TRANQUILIZERS

Answer 1

. reduce anxiety, cause drowsiness, and amnesia
. does not counteract pain

Examples: diazepam (Valium)
midazolam (Versed)
lorazepam (Ativan)

Question 2

diazepam (Valium), midazolam (Versed) & lorazepam (Ativan) are examples of what?

Answer 2

SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS & TRANQUILIZERS
to reduce anxiety, cause drowsiness, and amnesia. Does not counteract pain

Question 3

2. NARCOTIC ANALGESICS

Answer 3

. reduce pain perception, raise pain threshold, and decrease amount of anesthesia needed during the operation
. Classified Substances
. Side –effects of narcotic analgesics:
respiratory depression
nausea, vomiting
urinary retention

Question 4

Two Groups of Narcotic Analgesics :

Answer 4

1. Opiates
   
   2. Synthetic Opiates
      2.1 Meperidine
      2.2 Fentanyl (Sublimaze)

Question 5

Opiates (Narcotic Analgesics)

Answer 5

Morphine - not commonly used because it can cause deep narcosis, respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting

Question 6

Synthetic Opiates

Answer 6

2.1 Meperidine Hydrochloride (Demerol) - produces fewer undesirable side effects, provides good analgesia

2.2 Fentanyl (Sublimaze) - fast-acting, shorter duration than morphine and Demerol

Question 7

3. ANTICHOLINERGIC (ANTIMUSCARINIC) DRUGS

Answer 7

. parasympathetic depressant action
. inhibits or dries up secretions in mouth, respiratory tract, digestive tract

Side effects: increases heart & respiratory rate

Example: atropine

Question 8

Atropine is an example of what?

Answer 8

ANTICHOLINERGIC (ANTIMUSCARINIC) DRUGS
. parasympathetic depressant action
. inhibits or dries up secretions in mouth, respiratory tract, digestive tract

Side effects: increases heart & respiratory rate

Question 9

what is More frequently given as a supplement during the operation than as a premedication because it may produce excitement, rage and hallucinations?

Answer 9

Anticholenergic Drugs

Question 10

4. ANTACID/H2-RECEPTOR BLOCKER

Answer 10

. increases the pH of the stomach so it will be less acidic and cause less damage in the lungs in case of vomiting & aspiration

Examples: cimetidine (Tagamet)
ranitidine (Zantac)

Question 11

cimetidine (Tagamet) & ranitidine (Zantac) are examples of what?

Answer 11

ANTACID/H2-RECEPTOR BLOCKER
. increases the pH of the stomach so it will be less acidic and cause less damage in the lungs in case of vomiting & aspiration

Question 12

5. ANTIEMETICS

Answer 12

. decreases chance of vomiting and aspiration
Example: ondansetron (Zofran)
metoclopramide (Reglan)

Question 13

ondansetron (Zofran) & metoclopramide (Reglan) are examples of what?

Answer 13

. Antiemetics
. decreases chance of vomiting and aspiration