classification & evolution

Question 1

Domain

Answer 1

highest rank
3 domains, Archaea, Eubacteria and Eukaryotae
Can look at ribosomal RNA to distinguish

Question 2

Kingdom

Answer 2

main kingdoms, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi and Protoctista

Question 3

phylum

Answer 3

all groups of organisms that have the same body plan eg backbone

Question 4

class

Answer 4

group of organisms that all possess the same general traits eg number of legs

Question 5

order

Answer 5

divided into meat eating and non (carnivore & herbivore)

Question 6

family

Answer 6

groups that are closely related genera (eg dog family and cat family)

Question 7

genus

Answer 7

group of closely related species

Question 8

species

Answer 8

all members of species are essentially the same

Question 9

binomial naming system

Answer 9

genus + species
genus having upper case letter
eg Homo sapiens

Question 10

cytochrome c

Answer 10

protein used in respiration
cytochrome c is not identical in all species.
if more differences found between 2, less closely related they are

Question 11

phylogeny

Answer 11

study of evolutionary relationships between species
find common ancestors

Question 12

Darwin

Answer 12

found that there is a struggle to survive
-better adapted individuals survive and pass on their characteristics
-over time, number of changes may give rise to new species

Question 13

evidence for evolution

Answer 13

differences between fossil species and modern species
many of the fossil species were larger

Question 14

theory facts

Answer 14

No two individuals are identical
offspring are similar to their parents
organisms have the ability to produce large number of offspring
populations in nature tend to remain fairly stable in size

Question 15

continuous variation

Answer 15

2 extremes & full range of values in-between (height and weight)

Question 16

discontinuous variation

Answer 16

where there are distinct categories & nothing in-between

Question 17

intraspecific variation

Answer 17

variation of individuals among the same species

Question 18

interspecific variation

Answer 18

comparing individuals of different species

Question 19

alleles

Answer 19

make genotype to then be displayed as a phenotype

Question 20

adaptation

Answer 20

characteristic that enhances survival

Question 21

physiological adaptation

Answer 21

-processess that take place inside an organism
-antibiotic production
-venom production
-cacti store water

Question 22

behavioral adaptations

Answer 22

-possums play dead
-scorpions dance before mating

Question 23

marsupials

Answer 23

don’t develop full placenta to shorter gestation period

Question 24

standard deviation

Question 25

t - test

Question 26

chi-squared

Answer 26

comparing frequencies

Question 27

Taxonomy

Answer 27

Each group is called a taxon
Taxonomy of life to classify into groups