Biodiversity

Question 1

Biotic factors that reduce biodiversity

Answer 1

New predators
Disease
Humans

Question 2

Abiotic factors that affect biodiversity

Answer 2

PH
Temperature
Extreme weather

Question 3

areas with high bd

Answer 3

Amazon basin

Countryside (untouched)

Question 4

Areas with low bd

Answer 4

Antarctica

Inner city

Question 5

Random sampling

Answer 5

Organisms are selected by chance

-no biased

Question 6

types of random sampling

Answer 6

Opportunistic-closest to observer are picked
Stratisfied- divided into strata based on characteristics
Systematic- line or belt transects, taking samples at regular intervals

Question 7

5 ways of sampling animals

Answer 7

Pooter-suck on mouthpiece
Pitfall traps-insects fall in
Sweep nets
Tree beating
Kick sampling- disturb substrate on river bed

Question 8

Measuring abiotic factors

Answer 8

Wind speed- anemometer
Light intensity-light meter
Humidity- humidity sensor
Soil moisture- moisture meter
PH- ph probe
Oxygen- dissolved o2 probe

Question 9

Calculating biodiversity

Answer 9

D=1-{(n/N)2

Question 10

Human influence on bd

Answer 10

• urbanisation
• over exploitation
• climate change
• herbicides/pesticides

Question 11

Ecological reasons for maintaining bd

Answer 11

• Protecting keystone species

- interdependence in food chain

Question 12

Economic reasons for maintaining bd

Answer 12

• tourism
• resources run out
• soil depletion (weaker crops)

Question 13

Ethical reasons for maintaining bd

Answer 13

• Preserve for future generation

- animals should be allowed to live undistrupted

Question 14

In situ

Answer 14

Conservation inside natural habitat
+cheaper
+preservation of interdependent relationships
-conditions that caused habitat to be endangered may still be present

Question 15

Ex situ

Answer 15

removing organisms from natural habitat
\+protected from predators
\+education at conservation sites 
-not knowing how to hunt
-genetic diversity lower as limited breeding partners

Question 16

Positive factors affecting genetic diversity

Answer 16

Mutations-addition and deletion of bases in aa changes gene

Gene flow-animal migration to another population

Question 17

Negative factors affecting genetic diversity (pt1)

Answer 17

• Selective breeding (favourited alleles)
• captive breeding programmes (few combinations)
• rare breeds (few to breed from)
• cloning ( no genetic diversity)
• natural selection ((have specific advantageous characteristics)

Question 18

Negative factors affecting genetic diversity (pt2)

Answer 18

Genetic bottlenecks- bottleneck event eg disease, habitat destruction

Founder effect-number of individuals create a new colony

Genetic drift- recessive alleles die off

Question 19

Monomorphism

Answer 19

Gene colony has one allele

Question 20

Polymorphism

Answer 20

Gene colony has more than one allele
(different Hair colour) etc
Proportion p loci =
number of polymorphic loci / total number of loci

Question 21

Conservation agreements

Answer 21

CITES- convention on international trade on endangered species (not to kill or trade endangered species)

CBP- convention of biological diversity
CSS-countryside stewardship scheme

Question 22

Conservation

Answer 22

Preservation and management of the environment, biodiversity etc

• vulnerable
• endangered
• extinct

Question 23

Marine conservation zones

Answer 23

Lundy island- devon

Lots of coral, seaweed, populations can replenish as areas of refuge

Question 24

Species richness

Answer 24

Number of different species within a defined region

Question 25

Species evenness

Answer 25

How close in numbers each species in an environment is

-number of each species